Avian influenza (AI) virus, avian paramyxovirus Type 1 (APMV-1 or NDV), reovirus,
rotavirus, turkey astrovirus (TAst), avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), Marek's disease virus
(MDV-1), avian parvovirus (ChPV), and Salmonella enterica serovar
Enteritidis are significant biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) or biosafety level 3 enhanced
(BSL-3E) pathogens of poultry that are studied in veterinary medical research laboratories
worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a moderate
temperature, effluent decontamination system (EDS) to inactivate avian pathogens. First,
the thermal inactivation processes for AI virus, APMV-1, reovirus, and rotaviruses were
determined in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) using in vitro assays from which thermal
death rates (Dt) and changes in heat resistance (zD) of the AI virus and APMV-1
were determined at various time/temperature parameters. The PBS validation process
demonstrated that 6 log10 reduction was achieved following heating at 82.2°C
within 30 seconds for AI virus and APMV-1, 1.8 minutes for astrovirus, while reoviruses
and rotaviruses were destroyed within 3 minutes. Second, to determine whether pathogens
were adequately inactivated in a moderate temperature EDS system, vials containing avian
viruses (5.1-11.1 log10 TCID, EID50/ml, or infectious particle/ml)
and bacteria (9.1 log10 cfu/ml) were placed in the effluent tank and exposed to
a standard cycle of 82.2°C for 6 hours. The EDS process totally inactivated enveloped and
non-enveloped viruses with complete inactivation of greater than 5.1-11.1 log10
TCID/ml of specific pathogens. The data from the inactivation models and the EDS
validation test showed that the 6 log10 reduction required for a sanitary
assurance level of effluent was achieved with a significant margin of safety.
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