Glycosylation of certain proteins at the mammalian cell surface is an essential event in carcinogenesis. Sialylation, one type of glycosylation, can act on multiple cell-behaviors, such as migration, growth, and malignant invasion. Two polysialyltransferases, ST8Sia II (STX) and ST8Sia IV (PST), are responsible for synthesis of polysialic acid on neural cell adhesion molecule. We showed previously that STX and PST are oppositely expressed in normal murine mammary gland cells undergoing transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The molecular basis for regulation of STX and PST remained unclear. In the present study, we observed that transcription factor Pax3 upregulates STX expression, downregulates PST expression, and modulates upregulated expression of PSA, which attaches primarily to neural cell adhesion molecule to form PSA-NCAM. Overexpression of Pax3 in normal murine mammary gland cells transformed the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and N-cadherin, and significantly promoted cell migration, but had no effect on cell proliferation.
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