Fate of Bioterrorism-Relevant Viruses and Bacteria,Including Spores,Aerosolized into an Indoor Air Environment

Abstract

An aerosol physics test facility was used in a series of eight experiments to gather an integrated comprehensive broad base of data on the fate of surrogates of microorganisms that cause smallpox, plague, glanders, anthrax, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. The results are directly relevant to the public health issue of how to protect the occupants of buildings against bioterrorism. The test conditions were directly relevant to the indoor air environment situation, and the results can be generalized to buildings that are now occupied. The reductions in concentrations of relevant viruses and bacteria—including gram-negative fermenters and nonfermenters, gram-positive cocci and bacilli, and spores—were substantial and statistically robust. The data show that the bioterrorism-relevant aerosolized viruses and bacteria, including spores, respond like small particulates to the primary (electrical) forces that control the distribution of small particulates in a room. Further, these relevant microorganisms respond like small particulates to means designed to control airborne particulates. The results could be used to anticipate the effects of a bioterrorist attack on the public health, provide information on means that can be used to minimize such effects, and used to make decisions on how best to protect occupants of specific buildings at minimal cost and with assurance of success.