Wound healing consists of inflammatory, proliferation and remodeling phases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of β-Cryptoxanthin on wound healing. Thirty healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups of ten animals each (5 for excisional and 5 for incisional wound model): (1) SHAM group with only wound creation. (2) OINTMENT group: As a control group with wound creation as well as 5 g ointment (Vaseline/ Eucerin) administered locally to the wound bed. (3) BCX group: As a treatment group with wound creation as well as 5 g ointment (Vaseline/ Eucerin) containing β-Cryptoxanthin (25 mg/g ointment) administered locally to the wound bed. An incisional wound model was used for biomechanical studies, while an excisional wound model was used for biochemical, histopathological, and planimetric assessments. The wound area was significantly reduced in the BCX group compared to other groups (P> .05). Biomechanical indices from the BCX group were significantly improved compared to other experimental groups (P> .05). Biochemical and quantitative histopathological analyses revealed a significant difference between BCX and other groups (P> .05). β-Cryptoxanthin showed the potential to improve wound healing significantly. This appeared to work by angiogenesis stimulation, fibroblast proliferation, inflammation reduction, and granulation tissue formation during the initial stages of the healing process. This accelerated healing led to earlier wound area reduction and enhanced tensile strength of the damaged area due to the reorganization of granulation tissue and collagen fibers.
MathesSHRuffnerHGraf-HausnerU. The use of skin models in drug development. Adv Drug Delivery Rev. 2014;69:81-102.
2.
HartJ. Inflammation 1: Its role in the healing of acute wounds. J Wound Care. 2002;11(6):205-209.
3.
ToyL. Matrix metalloproteinases: Their function in tissue repair. J Wound Care. 2005;14(1):20-22.
4.
VelnarTBaileyTSmrkoljV. The wound healing process: An overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Int Med Res. 2009;37(5):1528-1542.
5.
ShawTJMartinP. Wound repair at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2009;122(18):3209-3213.
6.
George BroughtonIJanisJEAttingerCE. The basic science of wound healing. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117(7S):12S-34S.
7.
NayakBSSandifordSMaxwellA. Evaluation of the wound-healing activity of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia L. leaf. Evid-Based Complementary Altern Med. 2009;6(3):351-356.
8.
BarrientosSStojadinovicOGolinkoMSBremHTomic-CanicM. Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen. 2008;16(5):585-601.
9.
Intakes SCotSEoDR, Interpretation So, Intakes UoDR, Nutrients SoURLo, Antioxidants PoD, Compounds R. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press; 2000. doi:https://doi.org/10.17226/9810
10.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National nutrient database for standard reference 27. [Online]. (2014). http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ [26 October 2014].
11.
MaianiGPeriago CastónMJCatastaG, et al.Carotenoids: Actual knowledge on food sources, intakes, stability and bioavailability and their protective role in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009;53(2S):S194-S218.
12.
TurnerTBurriBJJamilKMJamilM. The effects of daily consumption of β-cryptoxanthin–rich tangerines and β-carotene–rich sweet potatoes on vitamin A and carotenoid concentrations in plasma and breast milk of Bangladeshi women with low vitamin A status in a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(5):1200-1208.
13.
ChatterjeeMRoyKJanarthanMDasSChatterjeeM. Biological activity of carotenoids: Its implications in cancer risk and prevention. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012;13(1):180-190.
14.
BrittonG. Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function. FASEB J. 1995;9(15):1551-1558.
15.
NamithaKNegiP. Chemistry and biotechnology of carotenoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010;50(8):728-760.
16.
StahlWNicolaiSBrivibaK, et al.Biological activities of natural and synthetic carotenoids: Induction of gap junctional communication and singlet oxygen quenching. Carcinogenesis. 1997;18(1):89-92.
17.
ChistéRCFreitasMMercadanteAZFernandesE. Carotenoids inhibit lipid peroxidation and hemoglobin oxidation, but not the depletion of glutathione induced by ROS in human erythrocytes. Life Sci. 2014;99(1-2):52-60.
18.
AzquetaACollinsAR. Carotenoids and DNA damage. Mutat Res/Fund Mol Mech Mutagen. 2012;733(1-2):4-13.
19.
Von LintigJ. Colors with functions: Elucidating the biochemical and molecular basis of carotenoid metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr. 2010;30(1):35-56.
20.
BurriBJLa FranoMRZhuC. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of β-cryptoxanthin. Nutr Rev. 2016;74(2):69-82.
21.
NolenRS. Revision process begins for AVMA euthanasia guidelines. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009;235(3):246-247.
22.
DasSSinghSDowdingJM, et al.The induction of angiogenesis by cerium oxide nanoparticles through the modulation of oxygen in intracellular environments. Biomaterials. 2012;33(31):7746-7755.
23.
LawrenceRABurkRF. Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976;71(4):952-958.
24.
QiuZKwonA-HKamiyamaY. Effects of plasma fibronectin on the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Surg Res. 2007;138(1):64-70.
NishinoAMaokaTYasuiH. Preventive effects of β-cryptoxanthin, a potent antioxidant and provitamin A carotenoid, on lifestyle-related diseases—A central focus on its effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Antioxidants. 2021;11(1):43.
27.
NakadateKKawakamiKYamazakiN. Anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory synergistic effects of green tea catechins and citrus β-cryptoxanthin ingestion in obese mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(8):7054.
28.
WelchMP. Temporal relationships of F-actin bundle formation, collagen and fibronectin matrix assembly, and fibronectin receptor expression to wound contraction. J Cell Biol. 1990;101(1):153-160.
29.
StahlWSiesH. Bioactivity and protective effects of natural carotenoids. Biochim et Biophys Acta (BBA)-Mol Basis Dis. 2005;1740(2):101-107.
30.
UnnoKSugiuraMOgawaK, et al.Beta-cryptoxanthin, plentiful in Japanese mandarin orange, prevents age-related cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in senescence-accelerated mouse brain. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(3):311-317.
31.
NiYNagashimadaMZhanL, et al.Prevention and reversal of lipotoxicity-induced hepatic insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in mice by an antioxidant carotenoid, β-cryptoxanthin. Endocrinology. 2015;156(3):987-999.
32.
MurakamiANakashimaMKoshibaT, et al.Modifying effects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generation from stimulated leukocytes. Cancer Lett. 2000;149(1-2):115-123.
33.
LlopisSRodrigoMJGonzálezN, et al.β-Cryptoxanthin reduces body fat and increases oxidative stress response in caenorhabditis elegans model. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):232.
34.
KallelIHadrichBGargouriB, et al.Optimization of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume) essential oil extraction: Evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med. 2019;2019(1):6498347.
35.
ChangMNguyenTT. Strategy for treatment of infected diabetic foot ulcers. Acc Chem Res. 2021;54(5):1080-1093.
36.
Le MoalEPialouxVJubanG, et al.Redox control of skeletal muscle regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signaling. 2017;27(5):276-310.
37.
LiPWuG. Roles of dietary glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis and animal growth. Amino Acids. 2018;50(1):29-38.
38.
AzizZHassanBAR. The effects of honey compared to silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of burns: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Burns. 2017;43(1):50-57.
39.
CarmelietP. Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nat Med. 2003;9(6):653-660.
40.
CaetanoGFFronzaMLeiteMNGomesAFradeMAC. Comparison of collagen content in skin wounds evaluated by biochemical assay and by computer-aided histomorphometric analysis. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(11):2555-2559.
41.
DwivediDDwivediMMalviyaSSinghV. Evaluation of wound healing, anti-microbial and antioxidant potential of Pongamia pinnata in wistar rats. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017;7(1):79-85.
42.
SüntarIPAkkolEKYılmazerD, et al.Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum L. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;127(2):468-477.
43.
DiegelmannRFEvansMC. Wound healing: An overview of acute, fibrotic and delayed healing. Front Biosci. 2004;9(1):283-289.
44.
MarcheteROliveiraSBagneL, et al.Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Alternanthera brasiliana improve cutaneous wound healing in rats. Inflammopharmacology. 2021;29(5):1443-1458.
