Psychological and Cognitive Barriers to Diabetes-Related Foot Complication Treatment: Clinicians’ Perspectives

Abstract

This study investigated clinicians’ perspectives about cognitive functioning and mental health in individuals with diabetes-related foot complications (DRFCs), and how these impact the clinicians’ treatment of the patients’ conditions. Psychological and cognitive impairments may be more pronounced in individuals with DRFCs compared with the general diabetes mellitus population. Understanding these factors will identify potential barriers to DRFC treatment adherence and effective disease self-management. Fourteen multidisciplinary clinicians (Mean_age = 37.86 years; standard deviation = 9.26; range = 27-51) were recruited from a metropolitan hospital diabetic foot unit. Semistructured interviews were conducted with each clinician, followed by the completion of a brief quantitative questionnaire. Interview data were analyzed thematically. Six themes that encompassed factors affecting DRFC treatment were identified: (1) psychological and cognitive characteristics; (2) the person in the environment; (3) illness and self-identity; (4) burden of chronic disease; (5) engaging with treatment; and (6) the clinician and health system response. Quantitative questionnaire results coincided with qualitative findings, with endorsement of global psychological and cognitive impairment in individuals with DRFC, which considerably affected their ability to engage in treatment. From the perspectives of clinicians working with patients with DRFCs, psychological, cognitive, and social factors have a considerable influence on DRFC treatment and self-management. Further investigation of these factors and their interrelationships is necessary to enhance treatment adherence in individuals with DRFCs.