Efficacy of a Package Intervention to Treat Encopresis and Constipation for an Individual With Profound Autism

Abstract

Toileting problems are common for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although there is extensive research on effective treatments for enuresis (i.e., dysfunctional urination), less research has been published on encopresis (i.e., dysfunctional defecation). The link between poor bowel function, behavioral and emotional challenges, and reduced quality of life highlights the urgent need for ongoing research into healthy bowel function in individuals with ASD. The present case study demonstrates the efficacy of an intervention package for a 12-year-old male with profound ASD who presented with severe constipation, encopresis, and problem behavior. The primary components of treatment included coordination with a medical doctor to address constipation through fiber supplementation and applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy to address encopresis. Other treatment components included physical activity and environmental modifications to adjust his diet. Results of this case study showed a holistic method could successfully treat a medical and behavioral issue using a systematic approach and data-based decisions while still considering the complexities associated with profound ASD.