How do physicians diagnose dementia? Evidence from clinical vignette responses

Abstract

This study examined how a sample of family practitioners, general internists, and osteopathic physicians practicing in the state of Maine (N=353) diagnose symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. Physicians' reported diagnostic approaches were compared to American and Canadian expert panel recommendations, and were associated with their sociodemographic and office practice characteristics. Sample members responded to a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed in response to a clinical vignette describing a patient with either mild symptoms or more progressive symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. Results showed that 59 percent of respondents would perform a formal cognitive status test and 32 percent would perform a depression screening test; both types of tests are recommended by American and Canadian expert panels. Adjusting for other factors, female physicians were twice as likely as males to perform a depression screening test (OR=2.04; 95 percent C1=1.13-3.67). Most respondents (87 percent) would order at least three of four recommended laboratory tests, and 59 percent would order a computerized tomography (CT) scan, even though expert guidelines are ambiguous about the value of CT scans in diagnostic workups. Diagnostic approaches were not significantly affected by plans to refer patients to other physicians for additional testing. Practicing physicians should be encouraged to perform recommended nueropsychological and mental status tests when patients present with symptoms of cognitive dysfunction.