1. Cassel CK, Jameton AL: Dementia in the elderly: An analysis of medical responsibility. Ann Int Med1981;94:802-807
2.
2. Callahan D: On feeding the dying. Hasting Cent Rep1983;13:22-22
3.
3. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF: Principles of biomedical ethics, 2nd ed.New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1983
4.
4. Schloendorff vs. Society of New York Hospital: 211 N.Y. 125, 105 N.E. 92, 95 (1914)
5.
5. Angell M: Respecting the autonomy of competent patients. N Engl J Med1984;310:1115-116
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6. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Making health care decisions: The ethical and legal implications of informed consent in the patient-practitioner relationship. Vol 1, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office1982:20-21
7.
7. Lipp MR: Respectful treatment: A practical handbook of patient care. 2nd ed.New York: Elsevier, 1986:xiii-xiii.
8.
8. Ramsey P: Ethics at the edges of life. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978:14-14
9.
9. Jonsen AR, Siegler M, Winslade WJ: Clinical ethics. 2nd ed., New York: Macmillan1986:104-104
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10. Tomlinson T, Brody H: Ethics and communication in do-not-resuscitate orders. N Engl J Med1988;318:43-46
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11. The Hastings Center: Guidelines on the termination of life-sustaining treatment and the care of the dying. Briarcliff Manor, NY: The Hastings Center1987:32-32
12.
12. Bayer R, Callahan D, Fletcher J, et al: The care of the terminally ill: morality and economics. N Engl J Med1983;309:1490-1494
13.
13. Callahan D: Setting limits: Medical goals in an aging society. New York: Simon and Schuster1987:188-188
14.
14. Ibid, 188
15.
15. Schiedermayer DL; The withdrawal of fluids and nutrition: A case presentation and ethical analysis. Wis Med J1987;86:7-10
16.
16. Paris J: When burdens of feeding outweigh benefits. Hastings Cent Rep1986; 16:30-32
17.
17. Annas G: Do feeding tubes have more rights than patients?Hastings Cent Rep1986; 16:26-27
18.
18. Derr PG: Why food and fluids can never be denied. Hastings Cent Rep1986; 16:28-30
19.
19. Siegler M, Weisbard JD: On killing patients with kindness: An appeal for caution. In: By no extraordinary means: The choice to forgo life-sustaining food and water. J Lynn (ed), Indiana University Press1986;109-116
20.
20. Siegler M.Schiedermayer DL: Should fluid and nutritional support be withheld from terminally ill patients?Am J Hospice Care1987;4:32-35
21.
21. Callahan D: On feeding the dying. Hastings Cent Rep1983; 13:20-22
22.
22. Lo B: The death of Clarence Herbert: Withdrawing care is not murder. Ann Int Med1984;101:248-251
23.
23. Bouvia v Superior Court: 179 Cal App. 3d 1127, 225 Cal. Rptr. 297, 300-301 (1986) and In Re Farrell. 529 A. 2d 404 (NJ 1987).
24.
24. Meyers DW: Legal aspects of withdrawing nourishment from an incurably ill patient. Arch Int Med1985145:125-128
25.
25. Dresser RS, Boisaubin EV: Ethics, law and nutritional support. Arch Int Med1985; 145:122-124
26.
26. Ackerman TF: Withholding nutrition and hydration: Status of the controversy. Clin Rep on Aging1988;2:13-16
27.
27. Dworkin R: Medicine, ethics, and law reform. Paper presented at the Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, Feb. 25
28.
28. Nolan J: Brophy vs. New England Sinai Hospital, 398 Mass.417-417 (1986)
29.
29. Jonsen AR, Siegler M, Winslade WJ: Clinical ethics: A practical approach to ethical decisions in clinical medicine, 2nd ed.New York: Macmillan1986:102-105
30.
30. Lynn J, Childress JF: Must patients always be given food and water?Hastings Cent Rep;13:17-21
31.
31. Steinbrook R, Lo B: Artificial feeding-solid ground, not a slippery slope. N Engl J Med1988;318:286-290
32.
32. Callahan D: Setting limits: Medical goals in an aging society. New York: Simon and Schuster1987:191-191
