A variety of theories about the cause or origin of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been proposed. Some of these theories are based on a particular research finding, such as abnormal protein formation or aluminum accumulation. Others are based on possible imbalances in brain function (calcium disruption, for example), and some are based on analogies to other diseases such as infectious disorders. Still other theories are based on general systemic conditions such as immune function and nutrition, and some are simply based on speculation. Evidence has been found for separate classifications or subgroups of AD that could imply separate causes. There have also been various genetic explanations for the familial category of AD.
This review summarizes the various theories suggested for AD with the reason sfor their proposal, the evidence for or against them, and their current status. Appraisals have been carnied out from the perspective that identification of the primary cause of AD could be crucial to the discovery of effective treatment strategies.
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