Background: Memory disturbance, deficient concentration, and fatigue are symptoms seen in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to assess if an established rehabilitation program commonly used in TBI can aid MCI patients to develop compensatory memory strategies that can improve their cognition, occupational performance, and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Fifteen patients with MCI participated in the program 2 days per week for 8 weeks. Cognitive function, occupational performance, and self-perceived QoL were assessed at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at follow-up after 6 months. Results: Significant improvements were seen in cognitive processing speed, occupational performance, and in some of the QoL domains. Conclusion: As this goal-oriented rehabilitation program in MCI resulted in some improvements in cognition, occupational performance, and QoL, further randomized controlled studies are warranted.
Petersen RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ, et al. Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals. JAMA. 1995; 273:1274-1278.
2.
Larrieu S., Letenneur L., Orgogozo JM, et al. Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort. Neurology. 2002;59: 1594-1599.
3.
Hanninen T., Hallikainen M., Tuomainen S., Vanhanen M., Soininen H.Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study in elderly subjects. Acta Neurol Scand. 2002;106:148-154.
4.
Palmer K., Fratiglioni L., Winblad B.What is mild cognitive impairment? Variations in definitions and evolution of nondemented persons with cognitive impairment. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2003;179:14-20.
5.
Flicker C., Ferris SH, Reisberg B.Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: predictors of dementia. Neurology. 1991;41:1006-1009.
6.
Petersen RC, Stevens JC, Ganguli M., Tangalos EG, Cummings JL, DeKosky STPractice parameter: early detection of dementia: mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2001;56:1133-1142.
7.
Perneczky R., Pohl C., Sorg C., et al. Impairment of activities of daily living requiring memory or complex reasoning as part of the MCI syndrome. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;21:158-162.
8.
Talassi E., Guerreschi M., Feriani M., Fedi V., Bianchetti A., Trabucchi M.Effectiveness of a cognitive rehabilitation program in mild dementia (MD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a case control study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2007;44(Suppl. 1):391-399.
9.
Rapp S., Brenes G., Marsh APMemory enhancement training for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary study. Aging Ment Health. 2002 ;6:5-11.
10.
Akhtar S., Moulin CJ, Bowie PCAre people with mild cognitive impairment aware of the benefits of errorless learning? Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2006;16:329-346.
11.
Cicerone KD , Dahlberg C., Malec JF, et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1681-1692.
12.
Clare L., Woods RT, Moniz Cook ED, Orrell M., Spector A.Cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive training for early-stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2003;(4):CD003260.
13.
Folstein MF , Folstein SE, McHugh PR "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12: 189-198.
14.
Wechsler D.Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) . San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1997.
15.
Kaplan E., Fein, D., Morris, R., Delis, DC WAIS-R as a Neuropsychological Instrument: WAIS-R NI Manual. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation; 1991.
Meyers J., Meyers, KRRey Complex Figures Test and Recognition Trial: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1995.
18.
Osterrieth P.Le test de copie d'une figure complexe. Arch Psychol. 1944;30:206-356.
19.
Rey A.L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encé phalopathie traumatique. Arch Psychol. 1941;28:286-340.
20.
Wiig EH, Nielsen, NP, Minthon, L., Warkentin, S.AQT: A Screening Test for the Assessment of Cognitive Speed. Swedish translation and adaptation by permission. Stockholm, Sweden: Psykologiförlaget AB;2004.
21.
Wiig EH, Nielsen NP, Minthon L., Warkentin S.Alzheimer's Quick Test: Assessment of Parietak Function. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment; 2002.
22.
Wressle E., Samuelsson K., Henriksson C.Responsiveness of the Swedish version of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scand J Occup Ther. 1999;6: 84-89.
23.
Law M., Baptiste S., Carswell A., McColl MA, Polatajko H., Pollok NTThe Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: CAOT Publications; 1998.
24.
Logsdon RG, Gibbons LE, McCurry SM, Teri L.Assessing quality of life in older adults with cognitive impairment. Psychosom Med. 2002;64:510-519.
25.
Thorgrimsen L., Selwood A., Spector A., et al. Whose quality of life is it anyway? The validity and reliability of the quality of life-Alzheimer's disease (QoL-AD) scale. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2003;17:201-208.
26.
World Health Organization.International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1997.
27.
Tuokko H., Morris C., Ebert P.Mild cognitive impairment and everyday functioning in older adults. Neurocase. 2005;11:40-47.
28.
Shin IS, Carter M., Masterman D., Fairbanks L., Cummings JLNeuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;13:469-474.
29.
Small GW, Rabins PV, Barry PP, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease and related disorders. Consensus Statement of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the Alzheimer's Association, and the American Geriatrics Society. JAMA. 1997;278: 1363-1371.
30.
Ready RE, Ott BR, Grace J.Insight and cognitive impairment: effects on quality-of-life reports from mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2006;21: 242-248.
31.
Ready RE, Ott BR, Grace J.Patient versus informant perspectives of quality of life in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry . 2004;19:256-265.
