In this article the authors focus on the potentiality of postcolonial discourses to revision English oral competency courses that form a part of the general education and communication studies curriculum at numerous universities. The authors use as a case, the basic course in public speaking, which is often a mandatory course toward baccalaureate graduation at many universities. The authors offer the beginnings of an outline to help revision the public speaking course and propose that this outline can serve as a conceptual scheme to revision communication studies in ways that reflect and draw upon postcolonial frames and devices. The authors’ broader goal is to show one way that postcolonial work can make a practical disciplinary intervention. Leaning on key themes in postcolonial discourses, the authors outline the ways that this course can be pedagogically revised and suitably historicized. The authors also discuss various ways that a revised course can enlarge the capacity to engage a rapidly changing and evolving world that is laden with both peril and promise, and thereby allow them to more constructively enter and engage political economy, identity, culture, space, place, and history.
Anzaldua, G. ( 1987). Borderlands La Frontera: The new Mestiza. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.
2.
Alexander, B.K. ( 2005). Performance ethnography: The reenacting and inciting of culture. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd Ed., pp. 411-441). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
3.
Appadurai, A. ( 1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
4.
Appiah, K.A. ( 1991). Is the post- in postmodernism the post- in postcolonial?Critical Inquiry, 17, 336-357.
5.
Asad, T. (Ed.). (1973). Anthropology and the colonial encounter. London: Ithaca Press.
6.
Asante, M.E. ( 1974). Theoretical and research issues in black communication . In J. L. Daniel (Ed.), Black communication: Dimensions of research and instruction. New York: Speech Communication Association.
7.
Asante, M.E. ( 2004). The Afrocentric idea. In Ronald Jackson (Ed.), African American communication and identities (pp. 16-28). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
8.
Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, H. (Eds.). (1995). The post-colonial studies reader. London: Routledge.
9.
"Becky is into public speaking" (2009, November 1). The Jakarta Post. Available from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/01/09/becky-public-speaking.html
10.
Beebe, S.A., & Beebe, S.J. ( 2005). Public speaking handbook. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
11.
Bhabha, H.K. ( 1994). The location of culture. London: Routledge.
12.
Bilkisu, H. ( 2007, June 21). Public speaking techniques for advocates. Africa News. Available from http://bilkisuyusuf.org/articles/Public%20Speaking%20Techniques%20for%20Advocates.pdfTopofForm
13.
Bostdorff, D. ( 2009, February 26). Citizens speaking: Rhetorical education and public engagement. The Brigance Colloquy on Public Speaking as a Liberal Art. Wabash College, Indiana.
14.
Butler, J. ( 1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity . New York: Routledge.
15.
Cesaire, A. ( 1972). Discourse on colonialism. New York : Monthly Review Press.
16.
Christian, B. ( 1987). The race for theory. Cultural Critique , 6, 51-63.
17.
Clasen, P., & Lee, R. ( 2006). Teaching in a sanitized world: An exploration of the suburban scene in public communication pedagogy. Communication Education, 55, 438-463.
18.
Clemetson, L. (February 5, 2007). The racial politics of speaking well. New York Times. Available from http://www.wehaitians.com/the%20racial%20politics%20of%20speaking%20well.html
19.
Clifford, J. ( 1986). Introduction: Partial truths. In J. Clifford & G. E. Marcus (Eds.), Writing culture: The poetics and politics of ethnography (pp.1-26). Berkeley : University of California Press.
20.
Conquergood, D. ( 2002). Performance studies: Interventions and radical research . Drama Review, 46, 145-156.
21.
Dirlik, A. ( 1994). The postcolonial aura: Third world criticism in the age of global capitalism. Critical Inquiry, 20, 328-356.
22.
Dyson. G.B. ( 1997). Darwin among the machines: The evolution of global intelligence . New York: Perseus Books.
23.
Eagleton, T. ( 2004). I am, therefore I think: The plight of the body in modern thought (Review of the book Flesh in the Age of Reason: The modern foundations of body and soul). Harpers Magazine, pp. 87-91.
24.
Ehninger, D. ( 1968). Validity as moral obligation. The Southern Speech Journal, 33, 215-222.
25.
Elliot, K. ( 2004). Subverting the rhetorical construction of enemies through worldwide enfoldment. Women and Language, 27(2), 98-103.
26.
Engels, J. (2009a). Good democracy, bad democracy. Review of Communication, 9, 326-329.
27.
Engels, J. ( 2009b). Uncivil rhetoric: Invective and the rhetorics of democracy in the early republic. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 95, 311-334.
28.
Fanon, F. ( 1967). Black skin white masks. New York: Grove Wiedenfeld Press.
29.
Feierman, S. ( 1990). Peasant intellectuals: Anthropology and history in Tanzania . Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
30.
Fleury, A. ( 2005). Liberal education and communication against the disciplines . Communication Education, 54(1), 72-79.
31.
Foss, K.A., & Foss, S.K. ( 1991). Women speak: The eloquence of women’s lives. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
32.
Foss, S., & Griffin, C. ( 1995). Beyond persuasion: A proposal for an invitational rhetoric . Communication Monographs, 62, 2-18.
33.
Fox, R. G. (Ed.). (1991). Recapturing anthropology: Working in the present. Sante Fe, NM: School of American Research Press.
34.
Gearhart, S.M. ( 1979). The womanization of rhetoric. Women’s Studies International Quarterly, 2, 195-201.
35.
Geiger, S. ( 1997). TANU women: Gender and culture in the making of Tanganyikan nationalism, 1955-1965. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
36.
Gilbert, M.A. ( 1997). Coalescent Argumentation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
37.
Giroux, H.N. ( 2001). Cultural studies as performative politics. Cultural Studies <=> Critical Methodologies, 1, 5-23.
38.
Grossberg, L. ( 2002). Postscript. Communication Theory, 3, 367-370.
39.
Guha, R. ( 1996). The small voice of history. In R. Guha (Ed.) Writings in South Asian history and society (pp 1-13). Delhi: Oxford University Press.
40.
Guha, R. ( 2002). History at the limit of world history. New York: Columbia University Press.
41.
Guttmann, A., & Thompson, D. ( 2004). Why deliberative democracy?Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
42.
Hall, M.L. ( 2007). The postcolonial Caribbean as a luminal space: Authoring other modes of contestation and affirmation- Special Issue Introduction. Howard Journal of Communications, 18, 1-13.
43.
Isaacman, A. ( 1996). Cotton is the mother of poverty: Peasants, work, and rural struggle in colonial Mozambique, 1938-1961. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
44.
James, C.L.R. ( 1939). The right of self-determination and the negro in the United States of America. Available from http://www.marxists.org/archive/james-clr/works/1939/07/self-determination.htm
45.
Johnson, E.P. ( 2003). Race, ethnicity, and performance. Text and Performance Quarterly, 23, 105-106.
46.
Keith, W.M. ( 2007). Democracy as discussion: Civic education and the American forum movement (Lexington Studies in Political Communication). Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
47.
Kraidy, M. ( 2002). Hybridity in cultural globalization. Communication Theory, 3, 316-339.
48.
Lingis, A. ( 1994). The community of those who have nothing in common. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
49.
Loomba, A. ( 2005). Colonialism/postcolonialism (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Makau, J.M., & Marty, D.L. ( 2001). Cooperative argumentation: A model for deliberative democracy . Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press .
52.
McKerrow, R.E. ( 1990). The centrality of justification: Principles of warranted assertibility. In D. Williams & M. Hazen (Eds.), Argumentation theory and the rhetoric of assent (pp. 17-32). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
53.
McKerrow, R.E. ( 1998). Corporeality and cultural rhetoric: A site for rhetoric’s future. Southern Communication Journal, 63, 315-328.
54.
McPhail, M.L. ( 1991). Complicity: The theory of negative difference. The Howard Journal of Communications, 3(1&2), 1-3.
55.
Miller, B.A. ( 1990, March 22-24). Native American rhetoric and the pre-Socratic ideal of "physis."Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of Conference on College Composition and Communication. Chicago.
56.
Minha-ha. T. T. (1989). Woman native other: Writing postcoloniality and feminism. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.
57.
Mohamad, S.G. ( 2004, May 9). A case for forensics. New Straits Times, p. 1.
58.
Moraga, C., & Anzaldua, G. ( 1981). This bridge called my back: Writings by radical women of color. Watertown, MA: Peresphone Press.
59.
"More Chinese value communication skills." (2001, October 29). Xinhua. Available from http://www.edu.cn/200110_1530/20060323/t20060323_18122.shtml
60.
Murphy, T.A. ( 2004). Deliberative civic education and civil society: A consideration of ideals and actualities in democracy and communication education. Communication Education, 53(1), 74-91.
61.
Natalie, E., & Bodenheimer, F.R. (2003). The woman’s public speaking handbook. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
62.
Olson, L.C. ( 1997). On the margins of rhetoric: Audre Lorde transforming silence into language and action. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 83, 49-70.
63.
Olson, L.C. ( 2004-2005). A cartography of silence: Bias crimes and public speechlessness. Journal of Intergroup Relations, 31, 76-102.
64.
Ong, W. ( 2002). Orality and literacy. New York: Routledge.
65.
Pollock, D. ( 1998). Performing writing. In P. Phelan & J. Lane (Eds.), The ends of performance (pp. 73-103). New York: New York University Press.
66.
Porter, R. ( 2003). Flesh in the age of reason: The modern foundations of body and soul. New York: Norton .
67.
Postman, N. ( 1993). Technopoly: The surrender of culture to technology. New York: Vintage.
68.
Prakash, G. (Ed.) (1995). After colonialism: Imperialist histories and postcolonial displacements. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
69.
Prakash, G. ( 2000). The impossibility of subaltern history. Nepantla, 1(2), 287-294.
70.
Rabinow, R. ( 1986). Representations are social facts: Modernity and post-modernity in anthropology. In J. Clifford & G. E. Marcus (Eds.), Writing culture: The poetics and politics of ethnography (pp. 234-261). Berkley: University of California Press.
71.
Rodriguez, A. ( 2006). A story from somewhere: Cathedrals, Communication, and the search for possibility. International and Intercultural Communication Annual, 29, 4-21.
72.
Said, E. ( 1978). Orientalism. New York: Random Books.
73.
Said, E. ( 2002). Reflections on exile and Other essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
74.
Schmidt, E. ( 2006). Mobilizing the masses: Gender, ethnicity, and class in the Nationalist movement in Guinea, 1939-1958. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
75.
Sen, A. ( 2005). The argumentative Indian. New York : Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
76.
Shohat, E. ( 1992). Notes on the "post-colonial."Social Text, 31/32, 99-113.
77.
Shome, R. ( 1996). Postcolonial interventions in a rhetorical canon: An "Other" view. Communication Theory, 1, 40-59.
78.
Shome, R. ( 2003). Space matters: The power and practice of space. Communication Theory, 13(1), 39-56.
79.
Shome, R., & Hegde, R.S. ( 2002). Postcolonial approaches to communication: Charting the terrain, engaging the intersections. Communication Theory , 3, 249-270.
80.
Slemon, S. ( 1995). The scramble for post-colonialism. In B. Ashcroft, G. Griffiths , & H. Tiffin (Eds.), The post-colonial studies reader (pp. 45-52). London: Routledge.
81.
Smith, L.T. ( 1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples . London: Zed Books.
82.
Spivak, G.C. ( 1985). Three women’s texts and a critique of imperialism . Critical Inquiry, 12(1), 243-261.
83.
Spivak, G.C. ( 1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (pp. 271-316). London: Macmillan.
84.
Stirling, S. ( 2007, July 4). Good speakers have the power of persuasion. Northern Territory News, p. 27.
85.
Toulmin, S.E. ( 2003). The uses of arguments. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
86.
Trouillot, M. ( 1991). Anthropology and the savage slot: The poetics and politics of Otherness. In R. D. Fox (Ed.), Recapturing anthropology: Working in the present (pp. 17-44). Sante Fe, NM: School of American Research Press.
87.
Wolf, E. ( 1992, November). The Tlinget basket as a rhetorical, alternative form. Paper presented at the Seminar on Rhetoric and Intercultural Communication at the SCA Convention in Chicago.
