Scholars of minority political participation have shown significant interest in unraveling the complex but crucial role of group-basedresources. Although there is an emerging scholarship on Latinos, much of the work on group consciousness, group identity, and ethnic organizations is based on research on Black Americans. Increasing diversity in the United States brings necessary attention to expanding the model to the politics and participation of other non-White, multiethnic, and immigrant majority communities. Using a new and unique dataset designed to tap the political opinion and behavior of Asian Americans, the authors find that the usefulness of group-based resources for this rapidly expanding and heterogeneous population is contingent on the specific form of the resources and the mode of political participation.
Alex-Assensoh, Y., & Assensoh, A. B. (2001). Inner-city contexts, church attendance, and African-American political participation. Journal of Politics, 63, 886-901.
2.
Barnes, J. S., & Bennett, C. (2002). The Asianpopulation:2000. Census 2000Brief (C2KBR/01-16). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
3.
Basch, L., Schiller, N. G., & Szanton Blanc, C. (1994). Nations unbound. Langhorne, PA: Gordon and Breach.
4.
Bobo, L., & Gilliam, F. D., Jr. (1990). Race, sociopolitical participation, and Black empowerment. American Political Science Review, 84, 279-393.
5.
Cain, B. E., Kiewiet, D. R., & Uhlaner, C. J. (1991). The acquisition of partisanship by Latinos and Asian Americans. American Journal of Political Science, 35, 390-422.
6.
Calhoun-Brown, A. (1996). African American churches and political mobilization: The psychological impact of organizational resources. The Journal of Politics, 58, 935-953.
7.
Carnes, T., & Yang, F. (Eds.). (2004). Asian American religions: The making and remaking of borders and boundaries. New York: New York University Press.
8.
Cho, W. K. T. (1999). Naturalization, socialization, participation: Immigrants and (non-) voting. Journal of Politics, 61, 1140-1155.
9.
Chong, D., & Rogers, R. (2003, May). Reviving group consciousness. Paper presented at the Nation of Immigrants Conference, Institute of Governmental Studies, Berkeley, CA.
10.
Dawson, M. (1994). Behind the mule. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
11.
DeSipio, L. (1996). Counting on the Latino vote. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia.
12.
DeSipio, L. (2002). Immigrant organizing, civic outcomes: Civic engagement, political activity, national attachment, and identity in Latino immigrant communities. Irvine, CA: Center for the Study of Democracy, University of California, Irvine.
13.
Espiritu, Y. L. (1992). Asian American panethnicity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
14.
Harles, J. C. (1993). Politics in the lifeboat: Immigrants and the American democratic order. Boulder, CO: Westview.
15.
Harris, F. (1994).Something within: Religion as a mobilizer of African American political activism. The Journal of Politics, 56, 42-68.
16.
Jackson, B. O. (1987). The effects of racial group consciousness on political mobilization in American cities. Western Political Quarterly, 40, 631-646.
17.
Jamieson, A., Shin, H. B., & Day, J. (2002). Voting and registration in the election of November 2000 (Current Population Reports P20-542). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
18.
Jones-Correa, M., & Leal, D. L. (1996). Becoming ‘Hispanic:’ Secondary panethnic identification among Latin American-origin populations in the United States. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 18, 214-254.
19.
Jones-Correa, M., & Leal, D. (2001). Political participation: Does religion matter?Political Research Quarterly, 54, 751-770.
20.
Karpathakis, A. (1999). Home society politics and immigrant political incorporation: The case of Greek immigrants in New York City. International Migration Review, 33, 55-79.
21.
Kwoh, S., & Hui, M. (1993). Empowering our communities: Political policy. In S. Kwoh & M. Hui (Eds.), The state of Asian Pacific America: Policy issues to the year 2020 (pp. 189-198). Los Angeles: LEAP Asian Pacific American Policy Institute and UCLA Asian American Studies Center.
22.
Lai, E., & Arguelles, D. (2003). The new face of Asian Pacific American: Numbers, diversity and change in the 21st century. San Francisco:Asian Week, UCLA Asian American Studies Center Press.
23.
Lee, R. (2000). Orientals. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
24.
Leighley, J. E. (2001). Strength in numbers? The political mobilization of racial and ethnic minorities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
25.
Leighley, J. E., & Vedlitz, A. (1999). Race, ethnicity, and political participation: Competing models and contrasting explanations. Journal of Politics, 61, 1092-1114.
26.
Lien, P.-T. (1994). Ethnicity and political participation: A comparison between Asian and Mexican Americans. Political Behavior, 16, 237-264.
27.
Lien, P.-T. (1997). The political participation of Asian Americans: Voting behavior in Southern California. New York: Garland.
28.
Lien, P.-T. (2001). The making of Asian America through political participation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
29.
Lien, P.-T., Collet, C., Wong, J., & Ramakrishnan, K. (2001). Asian Pacific American politics symposium:Public opinion and political participation. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34, 625-630.
30.
Lien, P.-T., Conway, M. M., & Wong, J. (2003). The contours and sources of ethnic identity choices among Asian Americans. Social Science Quarterly, 84(2), 461-481.
31.
Lien, P.-T., Conway, M. M., & Wong, J. (2004). The politics of Asian Americans: Diversity and community. New York: Routledge.
32.
Lopez, D., & Espiritu, Y. L. (1990). Panethnicity in the United States: A theoretical framework. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 13, 198-224.
33.
Miller, A. H., Gurin, P., Gurin, G., & Malanchuk, O. (1981). Group consciousness and political participation. American Journal of Political Science, 25, 494-511.
34.
Nakanishi, D. T. (1998). When the numbers do not add up: Asian Pacific Americans and California politics. In M. Preston, B. E. Cain, & S. Bass (Eds.), Racial and ethnic politics in California (Vol. 2, pp. 3-44). Berkeley, CA: IGS Press.
35.
Nakanishi, D. T. (2001). Beyond electoral politics: Renewing a search for a paradigm of Asian Pacific American politics. In G. Change (Ed.), Asian Americans and politics: Perspectives, experiences, and prospects (pp. 102-132). Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
36.
Olsen, M. (1970). Social and political participation of Blacks. American Sociological Review, 35, 682-697.
37.
Omi, M., & Winant, H. (1994). Racial formation. New York: Routledge.
38.
Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. G. (1996). Immigrant America: A portrait (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
39.
Ramirez, R. (2002). Gettingout the vote: The impact of non-partisanvoter mobilization efforts in low turnout Latin oprecincts. Unpublished manuscript, Public Policy Institute of California.
40.
Shingles, R. D. (1981). Black consciousness and political participation: The missing link. The American Political Science Review, 75, 76-91.
41.
Stokes, A. K. (2003). Latino group consciousness and political participation. American Politics Research, 31, 361-379.
42.
Tate, K. (1991). Black political participation in the 1984 and 1988 presidential elections. The American Political Science Review, 85, 1159-1176.
43.
Tate, K. (1993). From protest to politics: The new Black voters in American elections. New York: Russell Sage.
44.
Tu, J. I. (2002, April 2). Asian American churches drawing crowds. Seattle Times, p. B1-B1.
45.
Uhlaner, C. J. (1991). Perceived discrimination and prejudice and the coalition prospects of Blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans. In B. O. Jackson & M. B. Preston (Eds.), Racial and ethnic politics in California (pp. 339-372). Berkeley, CA: IGS Press.
46.
Uhlaner, C. J., Cain, B., & Kiewiet, D. R. (1989). Political participation of ethnic minorities in the 1980s. Political Behavior, 17, 195-231.
47.
Verba, S., & Nie, N. H. (1972). Participation in America: Political democracy and social equality. New York: Harper Row.
48.
Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
49.
Wei, W. (1993). The Asian American movement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
50.
Wong, J. (2000).The effects of age and political exposure on the development of party identification among Asian American and Latino immigrants in the United States. Political Behavior, 22, 341-371.
51.
Wong, J. (2003). Immigrants and politics: Political mobilization among Asian American and Latino immigrants. Unpublished manuscript.
52.
Zhou, M., & Gatewood, J. V. (2000). Mapping the terrain: Diversity and the challenges in the contemporary Asian American community. Asian American Policy Review, 9, 2-29.
