Over the past two decades, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty has been performed with increasing frequency and for more liberal indications, even though only a handful of prospective clinical trials have been reported and indications for intervention and long-term effectiveness have not been well established. This procedure continues to rapidly evolve, driven by a high physician, public, and industry demand for a less morbid minimally invasive approach to renovascular occlusive disease. Although percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty procedures are traditionally considered "low risk", complications and failures are not innocuous in terms of clinical consequences. We review the fundamental aspects of renal angioplasty and stenting, with emphasis on the technical details, caveats to avoid complications, and a brief review of our experience with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine.
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