Reactive Arthritis Due to Leptospirosis in a 11-Year-Old Adolescent Boy

Abstract

Reactive arthritis is defined as a sterile inflammation of the joint space, following a remote infection, which can be bacterial or viral in origin. Although leptospirosis is not a frequent cause, it has been reported as a potential trigger. We herein report an 11-year-old boy who presented with fever, jaundice, and acute onset of right hip pain with restricted movement. Laboratory investigations were done to evaluate for infectious causes. IgM antibodies for Leptospira were equivocal, suggesting the possibility of an acute infection. This case highlights that reactive arthritis can develop early in the course of leptospiral infection, as early as within 3 days of symptom onset, and may coincide with active systemic illness. Early recognition of this rare association is essential for the diagnosis and management.