Antibiotic Resistance Policy and the Stewardship Role of the Nurse

Abstract

Government policy, at all levels, should reflect current scientific evidence to curb the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and to promote healthier lives for citizens and the global community. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 63,000 Americans die annually of infections from MDROs. Annual spending in the United States used to combat MDRO infections surpassed $35 billion in 2015. This article is a review of U.S. policy regarding MDROs and focuses on several means with which nurses can implement antibiotic stewardship within their practices to stall the creation and global spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms. Nurses are vital to successfully implementing methods of antibiotic stewardship as they are at the center of multidisciplinary health care teams and have the greatest direct patient contact of all members within the team. Methods of antibiotic stewardship include limiting the use of antibiotics within animal husbandry industries, promotion of health care policy in line with antibiotic stewardship standards, and adopting more stringent clinical prescribing practices of antibiotics used in human therapies. Application of these improvements to U.S. federal, state, and local facility policies is in line with current scientific evidence and will provide a framework for cohesive partnerships with nations and institutions abroad that also struggle with the spread of MDROs in their own communities.