Over the last 3 decades, there has been significant improvement in the survival and quality of life of patients who require home parenteral nutrition; however, parenteral nutrition remains costly, is associated with multiple complications, and does not promote the function of the remaining bowel. Intestinal rehabilitation refers to the process of restoring enteral autonomy and decreasing dependence on parenteral nutrition by utilizing dietary, pharmacological, and, occasionally, surgical interventions. A major focus of research has been to identify a trophic factor that will enhance adaptation of the remaining gastrointestinal tract following massive gut resection and allow enteral autonomy. Whether intestinal rehabilitation occurs as the result of increased intestinal adaptation or as the result of a comprehensive approach to care has yet to be determined. This article reviews intestinal failure as the result of short-bowel syndrome and the management strategy of an intestinal rehabilitation program in the care of these patients.
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