Endograft Therapy for Diseases of the Descending Thoracic Aorta: Results in 43 High-Risk Patients

Abstract

Purpose:

To report an initial experience with endovascular stent-graft implantation for diseases of the descending thoracic aorta in high-risk patients.

Methods:

Forty-three patients (28 men; mean age 67 years, range 17–82) with 16 descending thoracic aortic dissections, 14 aneurysms, 7 contained ruptures, 3 mycotic aneurysms, 2 posttraumatic pseudoaneurysms, and an aneurysm of an anomalous right subclavian artery were treated between June 1999 and July 2001. Twenty-three (53%) patients were treated emergently.

Results:

There were no conversions to open repair, but 3 (7%) patients died during the first 30 days (pneumonia, multiorgan failure, and acute bowel ischemia). Thirteen (30%) patients suffered 18 major complications (8 strokes, paraplegia in 3, respiratory insufficiency in 6, and 1 renal failure). Of 7 (16%) endoleaks detected in the early postoperative period, 3 required additional stents, while the other 4 were treated conservatively. Follow-up, which averaged 19 ± 6 months (median: 13; range 0–34), was 100% complete. Five (12%) patients died: 3 of aortic rupture at 34, 47, and 139 days, respectively, and 2 from heart failure at 3 and 15 months, respectively. No late migration or endoleaks have been detected in the remaining 35 patients; however, 1 (2%) patient showed progressive aortic dissection proximal to the stent-graft. In all other cases, the size of the aneurysm or the false lumen was unchanged or diminished.

Conclusions:

Treatment of descending thoracic aortic diseases with an endovascular approach has acceptable early mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients. In selected cases, stent-grafts may afford the best therapy.