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Fleisher, M.S. 1995. Beggars and Thieves: An Ethnography of Urban Street Criminals . Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press.

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Winfree Jr. L. T. , L. Mays , and T. Vigil-Backstrom 1994. Youth Gangs and Incarcerated Delinquents: Exploring the Ties Between Gang Membership, Delinquency, and Social Learning Theory. Justice Quaterly 11(2):229-255.