Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2022-8
Combining Conceptual Frameworks on Maternal Health in Indigenous Communities—Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping Using Participant and Operator-independent Weighting
A recurring issue in intercultural research is whose knowledge informs conceptualization and design of projects or interventions. Fuzzy cognitive mapping uses arrows and weights to represent stakeholder knowledge on causal relationships and can generate composite theories to inform research and action. Cognitive mapping is accessible across different cultures, but participant weighting is not always straightforward. We describe a procedure to combine and condense maps from different stakeholders and an alternative operator-independent weighting procedure adapted from Harris’s discourse analysis.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AnderssonN.2018. Participatory research—A modernizing science for primary health care. Journal of General and Family Medicine19:154–59.
2.
AnderssonN.SilverH.. 2019. Fuzzy cognitive mapping: An old tool with new uses in nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing75:3823–30.
BelaidL.AtimP.AtimE.OcholaE.OgwangM.BavoP.OolaJ.Wonvima OkelloI.Rojas-RozoL.ZinszerK.ZarowskyC.AnderssonN.. 2021. Marginalized women and services providers improve access to perinatal care in post-conflict Northern Uganda: Socializing evidence for participatory action. Family Medicine and Community Health9:e000610.
5.
BirtL.ScottS.CaversD.CampbellC.WalterF.. 2016. Member checking: A tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation?Qualitative Health Research26:1802–11.
6.
BraunV.ClarkeV.. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology3:77–101.
7.
Council of Europe. 2008. White paper on intercultural dialogue: Living together as equals in dignity. Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe.
8.
CurtisE.JonesR.Tipene-LeachD.WalkerC.LoringB.PaineS. -J.ReidP.. 2019. Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: A literature review and recommended definition. International Journal for Equity in Health18:174.
9.
DavidoffF.Dixon-WoodsM.LevitonL.MichieS.. 2015. Demystifying theory and its use in improvement. BMJ Quality & Safety24:228–38.
10.
DietzG.2018. Interculturality. In The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology, ed. CallanH., 1–19. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
11.
DionA.Carini-GutierrezA.JimenezV.AmeurA. B.JosephL.RobertE.AnderssonN.. 2021. Weight of evidence: Incorporating stakeholder knowledge in evidence synthesis to advance mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research.[In Press.]
12.
DionA.JosephL.JimenezV.Carini GutierrezA.AmeurA. B.RobertE.AnderssonN.. 2019. Grounding evidence in experience to support people-centered health services. International Journal of Public Health64:797–802.
13.
FelixG.NápolesG.FalconR.FroelichW.VanhoofK.BelloR.. 2019. A review on methods and software for fuzzy cognitive maps. Artificial Intelligence Review52:1707–37.
14.
GilesB. G.HaasG.ŠajnaM.FindlayC. S.. 2008. Exploring aboriginal views of health using fuzzy cognitive maps and transitive closure: A case study of the determinants of diabetes. Canadian Journal of Public Health/ Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique99:411–17.
15.
GrayS.ChanA.ClarkD.JordanR.. 2012. Modeling the integration of stakeholder knowledge in social–ecological decision-making: Benefits and limitations to knowledge diversity. Ecological Modelling229:88–96.
16.
GrayS.ZanreE.GrayS. R. J.. 2014. Fuzzy cognitive maps as representations of mental models and group beliefs. In Fuzzy cognitive maps for applied sciences and engineering, ed. PapageorgiouE. I., 29–48. Berlin: Springer.
17.
HararyF.NormanR. Z.CartwrightD.. 1965. Structural models: An introduction to the theory of directed graphs. New York: Wiley.
IwasakiY.SimonH. A.. 1994. Causality and model abstraction. Artificial Intelligence67:143–94.
21.
KoskoB.1986a. Fuzzy cognitive maps. International Journal of Man–Machine Studies24:65–75.
22.
KoskoB.1986b. Fuzzy knowledge combination. International Journal of Intelligent Systems1:293–320.
23.
KoskoB.1988. Hidden patterns in combined and adaptive knowledge networks. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning2:377–93.
24.
KoskoB.1994. Fuzzy thinking: The new science of fuzzy logic. New York: Hyperion.
25.
LouatiA.AufaureM.-A.LechevallierY.. 2011. Graph aggregation: Application to social networks. In Advances in theory and applications of high dimensional and symbolic data analysis, October 27–30, 157–77. Beijing: Beihang University.
26.
MingersJ.2006. A critique of statistical modelling in management science from a critical realist perspective: Its role within multimethodology. Journal of the Operational Research Society57:202–19.
ÖzesmiU.ÖzesmiS. L.. 2004. Ecological models based on people’s knowledge: A multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Ecological Modelling176:43–64.
30.
PapageorgiouE. I.KontogianniA.. 2012. Using fuzzy cognitive mapping in environmental decision making and management: A methodological primer and an application. In International perspectives on global environmental change, eds. YoungS.SilverS.. https://www.intechopen.com/books/1011 (accessed July 29, 2021).
31.
Pérez RuízM. L.ArguetaA. V.. 2011. Saberes indígenas y dialogo intercultural. Cultura y Representaciones Sociales5:31–56.
32.
SaldañaJ.2016. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Los Angeles: Sage.
33.
SantosB. De Sousa. 2009. Epistemologías del sur, eds. GandarillaJ.. Mexico City: Siglo XXI.
34.
SarmientoI.AnsariU.OmerK.GidadoY.Chadi BabaM.AnderssonN.CockcroftA.. 2021. Systematizing local knowledge about causes of short birth interval (Kunika): Fuzzy cognitive mapping in Bauchi State, Nigeria. BMC Reproductive Health18:74.
35.
SarmientoI.Paredes-SolísS.AnderssonN.CockcroftA.. 2018. Safe birth and cultural safety in Southern Mexico: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials19:354.
36.
SarmientoI.Paredes-SolísS.LoutfiD.DionA.CockcroftA.AnderssonN.. 2020a. Fuzzy cognitive mapping and soft models of indigenous knowledge on maternal health in Guerrero, Mexico. BMC Medical Research Methodology20:125.
37.
SarmientoI.Paredes-SolísS.MorrisM.PimentelJ.CockcroftA.AnderssonN.. 2020b. Factors influencing maternal health in indigenous communities with presence of traditional midwifery in the Americas: Protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open10:e037922.
38.
SterlingS. E.2004. Aggregation techniques to characterize social networks. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH: Air Force Institute of Technology.
39.
StricklandJ. 2011. Simulation conceptual modeling. [Place of publication not identified: Lulu Com].
40.
StyliosC. D.GroumposP. P.GeorgopoulosV. C.. 1999. Fuzzy cognitive map approach to process control systems chrysostomos. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics3:409–17.
41.
The Peirce Edition Project, eds. 1998. The essential peirce: Selected philosophical writings (1893–1913). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
42.
TrattE.SarmientoI.GamelinR.NayoumealukJ.AnderssonN.BrassardP.. 2020. Fuzzy cognitive mapping with inuit women: What needs to change to improve cervical cancer screening in Nunavik, Northern Quebec?BMC Health Services Research20:529.
43.
WalshC.2008. Interculturalidad, plurinacionalidad y decolonialidad: las insurgencias político-epistémicas de refundar el estado. Tabula Rasa (9):131–52.
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
