In this article, a discourse based language intervention
strategy for children with pervasive developmental disorders is described.
Specifically, children with limited generative language are taught to make use of
prior linguistic context to participate verbally in structured, interactive
dialogues.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Beisler, J.M. , & Tsai, L.Y. (1983) A pragmatic approach to increase
expressive language skills in young autistic children.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,
13 (3),
287-303.
2.
Bernstein, N. (1981) Language as a product of
dialogue. Discourse Processes,
4, 117-147.
3.
Blank, M., & Milewski, J. (1981) Applying psycholinguistic concepts to the
treatment of an autistic child. Applied
Psycholinguistics, 2,
65-84.
4.
Bruner, J.S. (1975). From communication to language-A
psychological perspective. Cognition,
3, 255-288.
5.
Bruner, J.S. (1978) The role of dialogues in language
acquisition. In A. Sinclair, R. Jarvella, and W. Levett (Eds.), The child's conception of language.
New York:
Springer.
6.
Bruner, J.S. (1981). The social context of language
acquisition. Language and Communication,
1, 155-178.
7.
Bruner, J.S. (1983) Child's talk: Learning to use language.
New York: W.W. Nortone &
Co.
8.
Campbell, C., & Stremel-Campbell, K. (1982) Programming "look training" as a strategy
to facilitate language generalization. Journal of Applied
Behavior Analysis, 15,
295-301.
9.
Clark, R. (1974) Performing without
competence. Journal of Child Language,
11, 1-10.
10.
Clark, R. (1977) What's the use of
imitation? Journal of Child Language,
4, 341-358.
11.
Clark, R. (1978) Some even simpler way to learn to talk.
In N. Waterson and C. Snow (Eds.), The deaelopment of communication. New
York: Wiley &
Sons.
12.
Conti-Ramsden, G.S., & Friel-Patti, S. (1987) Situational variability in mother-child
conversations. In K.E. Nelson and A. VanKleeck (Eds.),
Children's language. Vol 6.
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
13.
Crystal, D., Fletcher, P., & Garman, M. (1976) The grammatical analysis of language
duability . New York:
American Elsevier.
14.
Curtiss, S., & Yamada, J. (1981) Selectively intact grammatical development
in a retarded child. UCLA Working Papers in Cognitive
Linguistics , 61-91.
15.
Diagnostic and Statutical Manual of Menfal Disorders (1987) (Third Edition),
Revised DSM-III-R, American Psychiatric
Association, Washington, DC.
16.
Gearhart, M., & Newman, D. (1980) Learning to draw a picture: The social
context of an individual activity. Discourse
Processes, 3,
169-184.
17.
Girolametto, L.E. (1988) Improving the social-conversational skills
of developmentally delayed children. Journal of Speech and
Hearing Disorders , 53,
156-157.
18.
Goetz, L., & Sailor, W. (1988) New Directions: Communication development
in persons with severe disabilities. Topics in Language
Disorders, 8, (4),
41-54.
19.
Goetz, L., Gee, K., & Sailor, W. (1985) Using a behavior chain interrupted
strategy to teach communication skills to students with severe
disabilities. Journal of the Association for Persons with
Severe Handicaps, 10, (1)
21-30.
20.
Craig, H., & Gallagher, T.M. (1979) The structural characteristics of
monologues in the speech of normal children: Syntactic nonconversational
aspects. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research,
22 (1),
46-62.
21.
Craig, H. (1983) Application of pragmatic language models for
intervention . In T.A. Gallagher and C.A. Prutting (Eds.), Pragmatic assessment and intervention issues in
language. San Diego, CA:
College-Hill Press.
22.
Halle, J., Baer, D., & Spradlin, J. (1981) An analysis of teacher's generalized use
of delay in helping children: A stimulus control procedure to increase language
use in handicapped children. Journal of Applied Behavior
Analysis , 14,
389-409.
23.
Halle, J., Marshall, A., & Spradlin, J. (1979) Time delay: A technique to increase
language use and facilitate generalization in retarded children.
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12,
431-439.
24.
Hart, B., & Risley, T.R. (1968) Establishing the use of descriptive
adjectives in the spontaneous speech of disadvantaged preschool
children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,
1, 109-120.
25.
Hart, B., & Risley, T.R. (1974) Using preschool materials to modify the
language of disadvantaged children. Journal of Applied
Behavior Analysis , 7,
243-256.
26.
Hart, B., & Risley, T.R. (1975) Incidental teaching of language in the
preschool . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,
5, 411-420.
27.
Hart, B., & Risley, T.R. (1980) In vivo language training: Unanticipated
and general effects. Journal of Applied Behauior
Analysis, 12,
407-432.
28.
Hart, B., & Rogers-Warren, A.K. (1978) A milieu approach to teaching language.
In R.L. Schiefelbusch (Ed.), Language intervention strategies.
Baltimore , MD: University Park
Press.
29.
Hunt, P., Goetz, L., Alwell, M., and Sailor, W. (1986) Using an interrupted behavior chain
strategy to teach generalized communication responses to students with severe
disabilities . Journal of the Association for Persons with
Severe Handicaps , 11, (3),
196-204.
30.
Keenan, E. (1977) Making it last: Repetition in children's
discourse . In S. Ervin-Tripp and S. Mitchell-Kernan (Eds.), Child discourse . New
York: Academic
Press.
31.
Kirchner, D.M., & Skarakis-Doyle, E.A. (1983) Developmental language disorders: A theoretical
perspective. In T.M. Gallagher and C.A. Prutting (Eds.), Pragmatic assessment and intervention issues in
language. San Diego, CA:
College-Hill Press.
32.
Kirchner, D.M., & Prutting, C.A. (1987) Spontaneous verbal repetition: A
performance based strategy for language acquisition.
Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 1
(2), 147-169.
33.
Krashen, S., & Scarcella, R. (1978) On routines and patterns in language
acquisition and performance. Language Learning28, 283-300.
34.
Lahey, M. (1988) Language disorders and language
development. New York:
MacMillan.
35.
Leonard, L. (1981) An invited article: Facilitating
linguistic skills in children with specific language impairment.
Applied Psycholinguistics , 2,
89-118.
36.
McLean, J.E., & Snyder-McLean, L. (1978) A transactional approach to early language
training. Columbus, OH:
Charles E. Merrill.
37.
McDonald, J., & Gillette, Y. (1984) Conversational engineering: A pragmatic
approach to early social competence. Seminars in Speech
and Language , 5,
171-184.
38.
McGee, G., Krantz, P., Mason, D., & McClannahan, L. (1983) A modified incidental teaching procedure
for autistic youth: Acquisition and generalization of receptive object
labels. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,
16, 329-338.
39.
McGee, G., Krantz, P., & McClannahan, L. (1985) The facilitative effects of incidental
teaching on preposition use by autistic children. Journal
af Applied Behavior Analysis, 18,
17-31.
40.
Nelson, K., & Grundel, J.M. (1981) At morning it's lunchtime: A scriptal view
of children's dialogues. Discourse Processes,
2, 73-94.
41.
Nelson, K. (1986) Event knowledge: Structure and function in
development . Hillsdale, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum .
42.
Neef, N., Walters, J., & Egel, A. (1984) Establishing generative yes/no responses
in developmentally disabled children. Journal of Applied
Behavior Analysis, 17,
453-460.
43.
Oliver, C. & Halle, J. (1982) Language training in the everyday
environment: Teaching functional sign use to a retarded child.
Journal of the Associafion for Persons with Severe Handicaps,
7, 50-62.
44.
Peters, A. (1977) Language learning: Does the whole equal
the sum of the parts? Language,
53, 560-573.
45.
Peters, A. (1983) The units of language acquisition.
Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University
Press.
46.
Prutting, C.A. (1982) Pragmatics as social
competence. Journal of Speech and Hearing
Disorders, 47, (2),
123-133.
47.
Reichle, J., Rogers, N., & Barrett, C. (1984) Establishing pragmatic discriminations
among the communicative functions of requesting, rejecting, and commenting in an
adolescent . Journal of the Association for Persons with
Severe Handicaps , 9 (1),
31-36.
48.
Rogers-Warren, A., & Warren, S.F. (1980) Mands for verbalization: Facilitating the
display of newly trained language in children. Behavior
Modification , 4,
361-382.
49.
Scherer, N., & Olswang, L. (1989) Using structured discourse as a language
intervention technique with autistic children. Journal of
Speech and Hearing Disorders, 54,
383-394.
50.
Schwartz, N., Chapman, K., Terrell, B., Prelock, P., & Rowan, L. (1985) Facilitating word combinations in
language-impaired children through discourse structure.
Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders50, 31-39.
51.
Shank, R.C., & Abelsonn, R.P. (1975) Scripts, plans, goals, and
understanding. Hillsdale, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
52.
Snow, C. (1978) The conversational context of language
acquisition . In R. Campbell and P. Smith (Eds.), Recent advances in the psychology of language.
New York: Plenum
Press
53.
Snow, C. (1979) The role of social interaction in language
acquisition . In A. Collins (Ed.), Children's language and communication.
Hillsdale, NJ:
Erlbaum.
54.
Snow, C. (1979) Social interaction and language
acquisition. In P. Dale and and D. Ingram (Eds.), Child language. Austin,
TX: Pro-Ed.
55.
Snow, C. (1981) The uses of imitation.
Journal of Child Language, 8,
205-212.
56.
Snow, C., Perlmann, R., & Nathan, D. (1987) Why routines are different: Toward a
multiple-factors model of the relation between input and language
acquisition. In K.E. Nelson and A. VanKleeck (Eds.),
Children's language (Vol. 6; pp.
65-97). Hillsdale,
NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
57.
Warren, S.F., & Kaiser, A. (1986) Incidental language teaching: A critical
review . Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders,
51, 291-299.
58.
Warren, S., & Bambara, L. (1989) An experimental analysis of milieu
language intervention: Teaching the action-object form.
Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 54
(3), 448-459.
59.
Warren, S., McQuarter, R., & Rogers-Warren, A. (1989) The effects of mands and models on the
speech of unresponsive socially isolate children. Journal
of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 47,
42-52.