This article begins with a presentation of the author's classification of
velopharyngeal disorders. The taxonomy uses the term velopharyngeal inadequacy as generic to all varieties of velopharyngeal
function impairments and the classification distinguishes between those impairments
of structural etiology (the insufficiencies) and those
of primary neuromotor origin (the incompetencies). This
introductory material is followed by a discussion of the speech consequences of
velopharyngeal inadequacy which includes an indepth presentation of compensatory
articulation types and error patterns, and offers pertinent diagnostic guidelines for
their assessment. The article concludes with a discussion of the effects of
velopharyngeal insufficiency on speech sound learning with specific reference to the
type and timing of initial palatoplasty and the role of early speech
intervention.
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