Language and social interactions were examined between a father and mother and their twin children, one with Down syndrome and one developing typically. Systematic observations were made of videotaped segments and coded in real time using a computerized behavior coding program. Codes for the parents' interactions consisted of total vocalizations, directives, maintains, gestures, and object manipulations, whereas codes for the children's interactions consisted of total vocalizations, gestures, and object manipulations. Differences between the parents' interactions with each of the twins in various conditions and settings revealed interesting findings for the family in the study. Suggestions are provided for clinical implications for speech—language pathologists, evidence-based practice, and research.
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