Food Insecurity and Diabetes: An Investigation of Underserved Asian Americans in Michigan

Abstract

Asian Americans are at increased risk for nutrition-related chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Asian Americans in the United States is 16.7% compared to 11.3% among the general U.S. population. Genetic factors such as higher body fat and lower muscle mass result in a predisposition for the development of diabetes at a lower body mass index (BMI). Social determinants including food insecurity and physical environment may also impact risk and need further examination. This study investigated type 2 diabetes–related indicators and food insecurity and satisfaction with types and quality of foods provided through food box distributions with a focus on Asian American populations in Michigan. Data were collected via a survey implemented in partnership with community organizations that administer food box distributions. Nearly half of respondents were not aware that Asian Americans are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The mean BMI for overall study participants was 25.6, and 61.8% of participants had a BMI of ≥23. Food insecurity was also negatively associated with BMI with study participants who were overweight reporting less food insecurity. Overall, participants reported being satisfied with both the types and quality of foods provided in the food boxes. Findings support the need for increased diabetes education and testing among Asian Americans and assessment of the types of culturally relevant foods offered by food distribution organizations.