A Mixed Methods Process Evaluation of the Implementation of JUMP-in,a Multilevel School-Based Intervention Aimed at Physical Activity Promotion

Abstract

Background. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors influencing the adoption, implementation, and institutionalization process of JUMP-in—a multilevel school-based physical activity promotion program—to optimize the dissemination of the intervention and improve its effectiveness. The process evaluation concerned the constraints and success and failure factors at sociopolitical, organizational, user, and intervention levels. Methods. A mixed methods approach including qualitative and quantitative data was conducted during two school years (2006-2008). Results. JUMP-in was successfully embedded in the Amsterdam municipal policy and in the organizational structure and daily practices of the sectors involved. A general impeding factor was the complexity of the multilevel programme requiring multidisciplinary collaboration between organizations. In addition, there was a discrepancy between the recommendation to standardize and simplify the innovation and the need to tailor the strategies to local environmental, social, and cultural aspects. Conclusions. This process evaluation provides challenges and remedies for managing discrepancies between prerequisites for an effective innovation and demands of daily implementation practice. The main recommendations are (a) standardized, simplified guidelines; (b) stepwise implementation; (c) formalized coalitions, integration of policy, and synchronization of tasks and protocols; and (d) smart planning and control by clear communication and feedback instruments. If these recommendations are incorporated into the JUMP-in intervention and organization, increased effectiveness and long-term effects can be expected.