State-Level Health Policy to Improve Birth Outcomes and Reduce Infant Mortality

Adams, E. K. , Miller, V. P. , Ernst, C. , Nishimura, B. K. , Melvin, C. , & Merrit, R. (2002). Neonatal health care costs related to smoking during pregnancy. Health Economics, 11, 193-206.

Alan Guttmacher Institute . (2004a). CMS study of Medicaid Family Planning Waiver Programs. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.agi-usa.org/pubs/memo012604.pdf

Alan Guttmacher Institute . (2004b). State policies in brief, Medicaid Family Planning Waivers. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.guttmacher.org

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists . (2003, May). Management of preterm labor (ACOG Practice Bulletin, No. 43). Washington, DC: Author.

Centers for Birth Defects Research & Prevention . (2004a). Birth defects and developmental disabilities. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.

Centers for Birth Defects Research & Prevention . (2004b). Safe motherhood: Promoting health for women before, during, and after pregnancy. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.

Centers for Birth Defects Research & Prevention . (2004c). What is the public health problem?. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention . (2002). HIV testing among pregnant women—United States and Canada, 1998-2001. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 51(45), 1013-1016.

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention . (2003a). Advancing HIV prevention: New strategies for a changing epidemic—United States, 2003. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 52(15), 329-332.

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention . (2003b). Folic acid prevention activities. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.cdc.gov/node.do/id/0900f3ec80010af9/aspectId/C60306

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention . (2003c). National Birth Defects Prevention Network Newsletter, 7(2).

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention . (2004a). Birth defects: Frequently asked questions (FAQs). Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.cdc.gov

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention . (2004b). State Medicaid coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments—United States, 1994-2002. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 53(3), 54-57.

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention . (2004c). U.S. life expectancy at all-time high, but infant mortality increases. (Press Release).

Cornell, E. V. (2003). MCH update 2002: State health coverage for low-income pregnant women, children, and parents. Washington, DC: National Governor’s Association.

Fiore, M. C. , Bailey, W. C. , Cohen, S. J. , Dorfman, S. F. , Goldstein, M. G. , Gritz, E. R. , et al. (2000, October). Treating tobacco use and dependence. Quick reference guide for clinicians. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service.

Florida Bureau of HIV/AIDS . (2003, October). Preventing perinatal HIV transmission: An update on the TOPWA Program. Tallahassee, FL: Author.

General Accounting Office . (2002, May). Violence against women: Data on pregnant victims and effectiveness of prevention strategies are limited (Publication GAO-02-530). Washington, DC: Author.

General Accounting Office . (2003, March). Newborn screening characteristics of state programs (Publication GAO-03-449). Washington, DC: Author.

Healthy Start, Inc. (2002). Cost savings of preventing low birth weight births. Pittsburg, PA: Author.

Illinois General Assembly . (2003). Section 10-35 of the Illinois Department of Human Services Act. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.legis.state.il.us/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?name=093-0107

Join Together . (2004, February 11). Offspring of drinking moms suffer nerve damage. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.jointogether.org/sa/news/summaries/reader/0,1854,569824,00.html

Kochanek, K. D. , & Smith, B. L. (2004). Deaths: Preliminary data for 2002. National Vital Statistics Reports, 52(13), 1-48.

March of Dimes . (2003a). March of Dimes data book for policy makers: Maternal, infant, and child health in the United States. White Plains, NY: Author.

March of Dimes . (2003b). March of Dimes quick reference: Low birthweight. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1153.asp

March of Dimes . (2004, February). Premature birth rate in U.S. reaches historic high; now up 29 percent since 1981. White Plains, NY: Author.

March of Dimes Perinatal Data Center . (2002). Ten leading causes of infant mortality United States, 1999. White Plains, NY: March of Dimes.

March of Dimes Perinatal Data Center . (2003). Hospital charges for prematurity—2001 data. White Plains, NY: Author.

Martin, J. A. , Hamilton, B. E. , Sutton, P. D. , Ventura, S. J. , Menacker, F. , & Munson, M. I. (Eds.). (2003). Births: Final data for 2002. National Vital Statistics Reports, 52(10).

Mathews, T. J. , Honein, M. , & Erickson, J. D. (2002, September 13). Spina bifida and anencephaly prevalence—United States, 1991-2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51(rr-13), 9-11.

Melvin, C. L. , Dolan-Mullen, P. , Windsor, R. A. , Whiteside, H. P. , & Goldenberg, R. L. (2000). Recommended cessation counseling for pregnant women who smoke: A review of the evidence. Tobacco Control, 9(Suppl. III), iii80-iii84.

Miller, P. , Villa, K. F. , Hogue, S. L. , & Sivapathasundaram, D. (2001). Birth and first-year costs for mothers and infants attributable to maternal smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 3, 25-35.

National Center for Children, Families, & Communities . (2004). Evidence of program effects. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.nccfc.org

National Institute on Drug Abuse . (2003). Pregnancy and drug use trends. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.drugabuse.gov/Infofax/pregnancytrends.html

National Partnership to Help Pregnant Smokers Quit . (2004). Medicaid fact page. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.helppregnantsmokersquit.org/policy/medicaid.asp

North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program . (2004). About birth defects. Retrieved August 9, 2004 from www.getfolic.com/professionals/defects.html

North Carolina Folic Acid Council . (2003). B-Line Express Newsletter, 3(1).

Office of National Drug Control Policy . (1998). Costs of illicit drug use in the United States (Fact Sheet 910). Washington, DC: Author.

Oliver, L. (2002, June). Newborn genetic screening. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.ncsl.org/programs/health/genetics/newbornscreening.pdf

Perkins, J. , & Somers, S. (2003). Toward a healthy future: Medicaid EPSDT for poor children and youth (Rev. ed.). Los Angeles: National Health Law Program.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation . (2001, May). Section 1115 Waivers and budget neutrality: Using Medicaid funds to expand coverage. Washington, DC: Author.

Roswell, R. H. (2003, July 3). Under Secretary for Health’s information letter HIV testing to prevent perinatal transmission. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.publichealth.va.gov/prevention/10200305.pdf

Russel, S. (2004, March 6). Folate may curb heart attacks, strokes. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A2-A2.

Smoke Free Families . (2004). Clinical trials. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.smokefreefamilies.org/resources/trials.asp

Spina Bifida Association of America . (2004). Folic acid information. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from www.sbaa.org/site/PageServer?pagename=fs_folic

Trust for America’s Health . (2002). Birth defects tracking and prevention: Too many states are not making the grade. Washington, DC: Author.

Trust for America’s Health . (2003, April). Birth defects tracking and prevention one year later: One step forward. Two steps back? Washington, DC: Author.

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services . (2001). Women and smoking: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General.

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services . (2002, June 26). HRSA awards grants to screen pregnant women for domestic violence. Retrieved August 9, 2004, from http://newsroom.hrsa.gov/NewsBriefs/2002/dviolence.htm

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services . (2003, June 25). U.S. birth rate reaches record low. (Press Release).