This article describes the development of a program to increase Pap screening behavior among women in Taiwan. Intervention mapping, an innovative process of intervention design, guided the development of this program. The development process included a needs assessment identifying factors influencing Pap screening behavior relevant to Chinese women. The program used methods such as information transmission, modeling, persuasion, and facilitation. Strategies included direct mail communication, role-model stories and testimonials, and a telephone-counseling component. The delineation of specific plans for implementation and evaluation are also described.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
3.
Bartholomew, L. K., Parcel, G. S., Kok, G., & Gottlieb, N. H. (2000). Intervention mapping: Designing theory- and evidence-based health promotion programs. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
4.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). The national breast and cervical cancer early detection program; At-a-glance, 1998. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, pp. 1-6.
5.
Dignan, M. B. (1994). Development of a Cervical Cancer Education Program for Native American Women in North Carolina. Journal of Cancer Education, 9, 235-242.
6.
Dignan, M. B., Michielutte, R., Jones-Lighty, D. D., & Bahnson, J. (1994). Factors influencing the return rate in a direct mail campaign to inform minority women about prevention of cervical cancer. Public Health Report, 109, 507-511.
7.
Earp, J. L., Altpeter, M., & Mayne, L. (1995). The North Carolina Breast Cancer Screening Program: Foundations and design of a model for reaching older, minority, rural women. Breast Cancer Research & Treatment, 35, 7-22.
8.
Gotay, C. C., & Wilson, M. E. (1998). Social support and cancer screening in African American, Hispanic, and Native American women. Cancer Practice, 6, 31-37.
9.
Hou, S., Fernandez, M., Baumler, E., & Parcel G. (2002). Effectiveness of an intervention to increase Pap test screening among Chinese women in Taiwan. Journal of Community Health, 27(4), 277-290.
10.
Hou, S., Fernandez, M., Baumler, E., Parcel, G., & Chen, P. (2003). Correlates of cervical cancer screening among women in Taiwan. Health Care for Women International, 24(5), 384-398.
11.
Lee, T. F., Kuo, H. S., Chen, H. C., Chen, T. S., & Chou, B. S. (1997). Factors of Pap screening behavior among women in KinMen, Taiwan. Public Health of Republic of China, 16, 198-209.
12.
Marcus, A. C., & Crane, L. A. (1998). A review of cervical cancer screening intervention research: Implications for public health programs and future research. Preventive Medicine, 27, 13-31.
13.
McAlister, A. L. (1995). Behavioral journalism: Beyond the marketing model for health communication. American Journal of Health Promotion, 9, 417-420.
14.
McGuire, W. J. (1984). Public communication as a strategy for inducing health promoting behavioral change. Preventive Medicine, 13, 299-313.
15.
Neilson, A., & Jones, R. K. (1998). Women’s lay knowledge of cervical cancer/cervical screening: accounting for non-attendance at cervical screening clinics. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28, 571-575.
16.
Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J. C., & DiClemente, C. C. (1994). Changing for good (3rd ed.). New York: William Morrow.
17.
Rakowski, W., Dube, C. E., Marcus, B. H., & Abrams, D. B. (1992). Assessing elements of women’s decisions about mammography. Health Psychology, 11, 111-118.
18.
Rice, M. V. L. (1991). A simple guide for design, use and evaluation of educational materials. Health Education Quandary, 18, 79-85.
19.
Rosenstock, I. M., & Krischt, J. P. (1974). The health belief model and personal health behavior. Health Education Monographs, 2, 470-473.
20.
Seow, A., Wong, M. L., Smith, W. C. S., & Lee, H. P. (1995). Beliefs and attitudes as determinants of cervical cancer screening: A community-based study in Singapore. Preventive Medicine, 24, 134-141.
21.
Yi, J. K. (1994). Factors associated with cervical cancer screening behavior among Vietnamese women. Journal of Community Health, 19, 189-200.
