Immunization Rates and Beliefs among Elderly Patients of Inner City Neighborhood Health Centers

Abstract

Although influenza and pneumonia are the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, immunization rates are modest and racial disparity occurs. To address this issue, the authors surveyed 220 of 261 contacted persons aged ≥ 66 years old who were randomly selected from inner city neighborhood health centers in Pittsburgh. The authors conducted computer assisted telephone interviewing using a standard questionnaire based on the theory of reasoned action. Influenza vaccination rates were 60% for Blacks and 79% for Whites, and varied from 59% to 81% by health center. Vaccination rates against pneumococcus were 59% for Blacks and 70% for Whites. No significant racial differences were found in report of experiencing influenza or in beliefs about the diseases and vaccines. Blacks were less likely than Whites to perceive that their doctor thought they should be vaccinated against influenza (83% vs. 93%, p = .02). Blacks were somewhat more likely than Whites to report that pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination was more trouble than it was worth (21% vs. 10%, p = .02). Because factors related to social influences and facilitating conditions are associated with vaccination status and because immunization rates vary by medical center, the authors recommend enhancing immunization efforts within the health centers.