A Scoping Review: Financial Exploitation Among Older People Living with Dementia

Abstract

Financial exploitation (FE) is among the most commonly reported forms of elder abuse, with older people living with dementia facing a heightened risk due to various vulnerabilities. Given its high prevalence and deleterious impact, limited research has specifically addressed this critical issue, such as the lack of studies examining risk factors and intervention strategies. Guided by the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley, this scoping review aims to summarize the existing literature enhancing current knowledge and raising awareness about FE in this vulnerable population. Following a structured and systematic approach based on established scoping review protocols, we systematically searched 4 scientific databases (Ageline, Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) for peer-reviewed articles published in English up to July 2024, identifying 21 articles for inclusion (14 quantitative and 7 qualitative). A comprehensive data extraction process identified seven key themes, including the prevalence of FE, the relationship between FE and cognitive function, case descriptions, risk factors, warning signs, strategies to address FE, and barriers (e.g., unclear professional responsibilities) and facilitators (e.g., strong advocacy services) to safeguarding. The findings emphasize the necessity for multilevel strategies to prevent and address FE at the individual, professional, institutional, and systemic levels. Research in this field is thematically diverse yet fragmented, with limited studies directly addressing the intersection of FE and dementia. These insights underscore the need for future research (e.g., adverse effects), policy-making (e.g., mandated reporting), and intervention development (e.g., caregiver education) to better support and protect this at-risk population.