The problem and the solution. The workforce of the 21st century is in a continual state of flux. This has created a need by human resource development scholars and practitioners to continue to review best practices in developing a workforce with the latest technology, knowledge, and expertise. Revisiting traditional training models and processes is important as a means of moving forward. Although there are many system models, almost all are based on the generic analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model that evolved from instructional systems research following World War II. The purposes of this article are to (a) reacquaint the profession with the background and basic concepts of the traditional ADDIE model and (b) compare the original and revised ADDIE models. Subsequent articles in this volume deal with issues and advancements surrounding ADDIE and the ADDIE phases.
Clark, R. (1999). Building expertise: Cognitive methods for training and performance improvement. Washington, DC: International Society for Performance Improvement.
2.
Department of the Air Force. (2001). AFMAN 36-2234: Instructional system development. Washington, DC: U.S. Air Force.
3.
Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2005). The systematic design of instruction (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson (Allyn & Bacon).
4.
Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
5.
Gagne, R. M., Wager, W. W., Gola, K. C., & Keller, J. M. (2005). Principles of instructional design. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning.
6.
Kruse, K. (2002). Introduction to instructional design and the ADDIE model. Retrieved January 10, 2006, from www.e-learningguru.com/articles/art2_1.htm
7.
Molenda, M., Pershing, J. A., & Reigeluth, C. M. (1996), Designing instructional systems. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD training and development handbook: A guide to human resource development (4th ed., pp. 266-293). New York: McGraw-Hill.
8.
Reigeluth, C. M. (Ed.). (1983). Instructional-design theories and models: An overview of their current status. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
9.
Robinson, D. G., & Robinson, J. C. (1996). Performance consulting: Moving beyond training. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
10.
Rossett, A. (1999). First things fast: A handbook for performance analysis. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Pfeiffer.
11.
Smith, P. L., & Ragan, T. J. (2005). Instructional design (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
12.
Swanson, R. A., & Holton, E. F. (2001). Foundations of human resource development. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
13.
Tennyson, R. D., & Michaels, M. (1991). Foundations of educational technology: Past, present and future. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
14.
Torraco, R. J., & Swanson, R. A. (1995). The strategic roles of human resource development. Human Resource Planning, 18(4), 10-21.
15.
University of Maintenance. (1990). Handbook for instructional systems technology (OO-ACL/MAWT). Hill AFB, UT: U.S. Air Force.
16.
Allen, W. C. (2006). Overview and evolution of the ADDIE training system. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 8(4), 430-441.
