The problem and the solution. The world continues to be one that is marked by incredible disparities in wealth, education, employment, health, technology, infrastructures, safety, and other factors that contribute to one’s sense of well-being. The renewed interest in national human resource development may be an effective, systematic approach to assisting in reducing these disparities and in reaching the United Nation’s target to accomplish the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. Such developments make it increasingly important for human resource development professionals to understand and contribute to this broader context of human resource development. This issue of Advances in Developing Human Resources fills one more niche in the growing literature related to national human resource development.