The problem and the solution. Is it possible to speak of national differences in human resource development (HRD) when the term itself is culturally dependent? One kind of solution is exemplified here: By reading between, as well as on, the lines, the reader might appreciate the ways in which contemporary Polish managerial culture construes the concept of HRD. This article contains a description of the socioeconomic transformation that occurred in Poland during the 1990s and an examination of the human resourcing problems faced by a command economy undergoing systemic transition. The resulting discussion gives an account of the bimodalities (of form and source of ownership) that currently dominate human resource development, and it concludes with a discussion of future development within a global context.
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