At the beginning of the millennium, almost all of the images that we see in our daily newspapers and news magazines are digitized. However, no scholars have asked readers what they think about the appropriateness of digitally altering images. The purpose of this study is to examine how much readers trust digital images used in documentary contexts and to provide an empirical base for newsroom guidelines and principles regarding the uses of digitally altered photographs.
FishS. (1980). Literature in the reader: Affective stylistics. In FishS. (1980). Is there a text in this class? The authority of interpretive communities. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
GladneyG. A.EhrlichM. C. (1996, Fall). Cross-media response to digital manipulation of still and moving images. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 40, (4), 428–439.
11.
GoldbergV. (1991). The power of photography—How photographs changed our lives. New York: Abbeville Publishing Group.
12.
HolubR. C. (1992). Crossing borders: Reception theory, poststructuralism, deconstruction. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press.
13.
KellyJ. D. (1996). Going digital at college newspapers: The impact of photo credibility and work routines. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (79th, Anaheim, CA, August 10–13, 1996).
14.
MartinE. (1991). On photographic manipulation. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, (3), 156–163.
15.
McCrackenG. D. (1988). The long interview. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
16.
PavlikJ. V. (1998, Spring). Journalism ethics and new media. Media Ethics, 9 (2), 1 +.
17.
RadwayJ. A. (1991). Reading the romance: Women, patriarchy, and popular literature. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
18.
ReavesS. (1989). Digital alteration of photographs in magazines: An examination of the ethics. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (72nd, Washington, DC, August 10–13, 1989).
19.
ReavesS. (1993, Fall-Winter). What's wrong with this picture? Daily newspaper photo editors' attitudes and their tolerance toward digital manipulation. Newspaper Research Journal, 13 (4), 131.
20.
ReavesS. (1995). The vulnerable image - Categories of photos as predictor of digital manipulation. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 72 (3), 706–715.
21.
RussialJ.WantaW. (1998, Autumn). Digital imaging skills and the hiring and training of photojournalists. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 75 (3), 593–605.
SingletaryM. W. (1994). Mass communication research: Contemporary methods and applications. New York: Longman.
24.
SteffensB. (1992, May). Ethics is a matter of head and heart, not of technology. Quill, 2.
25.
TerryD.LasorsaD. L. (1989). Ethical implications of digital imaging in photojournalism. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (72nd, Washington, DC, August 10–13, 1989).