The puzzle of continued use of nebulized therapy by those with asthma

Ferris TG , Kuhlthau K. , Ausiello J. , Perrin J. , Kahn R. Are minority children the last to benefit from a new technology? Technology diffusion and inhaled corticosteriods for asthma. Med Care 2006; 44: 81-86.

Butz AM , Eggleston P. , Huss K. , Kolodner K. , Rand C. Nebulizer use in inner-city children with asthma: Morbidity, medication use, and asthma management practices. Arch Ped Adol Med 2000; 154: 984-990.

Zach MS , Karner U. Sudden death in asthma. Arch Dis Child 1989 ; 64: 1446-1450; discussion 1450-1451.

Dawson KP , Jandera E. , Penna AC The prehospital management of children with acute asthma. J Pediatr Child Health 1992; 28: 321-2.

Houle C. Towards a Balanced View of Asthma in Adolescence: Understanding the Quality and Divergence of Self- and Proxy-Reports from African American Adolescents and Their Caregivers. 2008; Unpublished doctoral dissertation; University of Michigan-Ann Arbor.

Davies G. , Paton JY , Beaton SJ , Young D. , Lenney W. Children with acute wheeze/asthma during November 1998-2005: A national UK audit. 2008; 93: 952-958.

Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2007.

British Thoracic Society. British Guidelines on the Management of Asthma. A national clinical guideline . Thorax. 2008; 63: iv1-1v121.

Becker A. , Bérubé D. , Chad Z. , Dolovich M. , et al.; Canadian Network For Asthma Care ; Canadian Thoracic Society. Canadian Pediatric Asthma Consensus guidelines, 2003 (updated to December 2004): introduction . CMAJ 2005; 173: S12-S14.

National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert panel report 3: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute ; 2007 August 28. Report No. 3.

Bateman ED , Hurd SS , Barnes PJ , et al. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: GINA executive summary. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 143-178.

Boe J. , Dennis JH , O’Driscoll BR , et al. European respiratory society guidelines on the use of nebulizers . Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 228-242.

Wildhaber JH , Dore ND , Wilson JM , Devadason SG , LeSouëf PN Inhalation therapy in asthma: nebulizer or pressurized metered-dose inhaler with holding chamber? In vivo comparison of lung deposition in children. J Pediatr 1999; 135: 5-8.

Colacone A. , Afilalo M. , Wolkove N. , Kreisman H. A comparison of albuterol administered by metered dose inhaler (and holding chamber) or wet nebulizer in acute asthma . Chest 1993 ; 104: 835-841.

Cates CJ , Crilly JA , Rowe BH Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online) 2006; (2)(2): CD000052.

Duarte M. , Camargos P. Efficacy and safety of a home-made non-valved spacer for bronchodilator therapy in acute asthma. Acta Paediatrica 2002; 91: 909-913.

Chou KJ , Cunningham SJ , Crain EF Metered-dose inhalers with spacers vs nebulizers for pediatric asthma . Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149: 201-205.

Schuh S. , Johnson DW , Stephens D. , Callahan S. , Winders P. , Canny GJ Comparison of albuterol delivered by a metered dose inhaler with spacer versus a nebulizer in children with mild acute asthma. J Pediatr 1999; 135: 22-27.

Lewis RA , Fleming JS Fractional deposition from a jet nebulizer: how it differs from a metered dose inhaler. Br J Dis Chest 1985; 79: 361-367.

Kerem E. , Levison H. , Schuh S. , et al. Efficacy of albuterol administered by nebulizer versus spacer device in children with acute asthma. J Pediatr 1993; 123: 313-317.

Dewar AL , Stewart A. , Cogswell JJ , Connett GJ A randomised controlled trial to assess the relative benefits of large volume spacers and nebulisers to treat acute asthma in hospital. Arch Dis Child. 1999; 80: 421-423.

Osmond M. , Diner B. Evidence-based emergency medicine. Nebulizers versus inhalers with spacers for acute asthma in pediatrics. Annal Emer Med 2004; 43: 413-415.

Delgado A. , Chou KJ , Silver EJ , Crain EF Nebulizers vs metered-dose inhalers with spacers for bronchodilator therapy to treat wheezing in children aged 2 to 24 months in a pediatric emergency department. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157: 76-80.

Hendeles L. , Hatton RC , Coons , TJ , Carlson L. Automatic replacement of albuterol nebulizer therapy by metered-dose inhaler and valved holding chamber. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2005; 62: 1053-1061.

Mandelberg A. , Tsehori S. , Houri S. , Gilad E. , Morag B. , Priel IE Is nebulized aerosol treatment necessary in the pediatric emergency department? Chest 2000; 117: 1309-1313.

Barry PW , O’Callaghan C. Nebuliser therapy in childhood. Thorax. 1997 ; 52: S78-S88.

Tien I. , Dorfman D. , Kastner B. , Bauchner H. Metered-dose inhaler: the emergency department orphan. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001; 155: 1335-1339.

Mason N. , Roberts N. , Yard N. , Partridge M. Nebulizers or spacers for the administration of bronchodilators to those with asthma attending emergency departments. Respir Med 2008; 102: 993-998.

Bowton DL , Goldsmith WM , Haponik EF Substitution of metered-dose inhalers for hand-held nebulizers. Success and cost savings in a large, acute-care. Chest 1992 ; 101: 305-308.

Neville E. , Corris PA , Vivian J. , Nariman S. , Gibson GJ Nebulized salbutamol and angina. Br Med J 1982; 285: 796-797.

American Lung Association. Trends in asthma, morbidity and mortality. Retrieved, from http://www.lungusa.org/atf/cf/%7B7A8D42C2-FCCA-4604-8ADE7F5D5E762256%7D/ASTHMA1.PDF (2005, June 2008).

Canny GJ , Levison H. Aerosols-therapeutic use and delivery in childhood asthma. Ann Allergy 1988 Jan; 60: 11-19.

Madge PJ , Nisbet L. , McColl JH , Vallance A. , Paton JY , Beattie JO Home nebuliser use in children with asthma in two Scottish health board areas . Scott Med J 1995; 40: 141-143.

Butz AM , Tsoukleris MG , Donithan M. , et al. Effectiveness of nebulizer use-targeted asthma education on underserved children with asthma. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006; 160: 622-628.

Lester MK , Flume PA , Gray SL , Anderson D. , Bow-man CM Nebulizer use and maintenance by cystic fibrosis patients: a survey study . Respir Care 2004; 49: 1504-1508.

Salyer JW , DiBlasi RM , Crotwell DN , Cowan CA , Carter EA The conversion to metered-dose inhaler with valved holding chamber to administer inhaled albuterol: a pediatric hospital experience. Respir Care 2008; 53: 338-345.

Powell CVE , Maskell GR , Marks MK , South M. , Robertson CF , Lenney W. Successful implementation of spacer treatment guideline for acute asthma. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84: 142-146.

Callahan CW Wet nebulization in acute asthma: the last refrain? Chest 2000; 117: 1226-1228.