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Roux PJ . Mémoire sur la staphyloraphie, ou il suture a voile du palais. Arch Sci Med 1825; 7:516–38.

Whiteford WM . Reminiscences of Dr. John Stephenson, one of the founders of McGill Medical Faculty, Can Med Surg J 1883; 728–31.

Stephenson J . Translation of Velosynthesis from Latin by W.W. Francis, repair of cleft palate by Philibert Roux in 1819. J Hist Med Allied Sci 1963; 18:209.

Stephenson J . Graduation thesis: repair of cleft palate by Philibert Roux in 1819, comments by Dr Martin Entin. Plast Reconstr Surg 1971; 47:277–83.

Bramwell B . The Edinburgh Medical School and its professors in my student days (1865–1869). Edinb Med J 1923;95.

Rendall J . The influence of Edinburgh Medical School in America in the 18th century. Edinb Med J April 1923;95–124.

Abbott ME . History of medicine in the province of Quebec. McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 1931; 60.

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Op. cit. 8, (title page).

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Grube EW . Darwin on man, London: Whidhouse, 1974; 76,80.

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Op. cit.9.

Ibid. p.255.

Ibid. p.307.

Ibid. p.258.

Ibid. p.257.

Ibid. p.299.

Ibid. p.275

Ibid. p.285

Ibid. p.334

Ibid. p.223

Ibid. p.262

Ibid. p.282

Ibid. p.296

Ibid. p.219

Ibid. p.309

Ibid. p.306 (a word in question no.4 of the Second Day Examination is indecipherable)

Ibid. p.308

Ibid. p.287

Pasteur L Joubert JF Chamberlain CH . La theorie de germe et ses applications à la medicine et à la chirurgie. Paris: Masson, 1878; 24.

Entin MA . John Stephenson's secret. Fontanus, 1995; VIII:137–45.

Entin MA . John Stephenson, Founder of McGill Medical College - the first cleft palate patient of Dr Philibert Roux. Can J Plast Surg 1994; 2:185–9.