An atypical case of hypomagnesemia-induced cerebellar syndrome with literature review

Abstract

Cerebellar ataxia in adults is always a diagnostic challenge. One of the important causes of late-onset cerebellar ataxia is hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia can have varied manifestations and is attributable to numerous causes. Identification of hypomagnesemia-induced cerebellar syndrome (HiCS) is important as it is reversible but often missed. HiCS has distinct clinical findings and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. HiCS presents with distinct clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging findings, but it cannot be ruled out even in the absence of neuroimaging findings. This condition has to be treated promptly and meticulously to avoid precipitating any serious complications, and a strong suspicion is required for the diagnosis. The underlying cause should be evaluated and managed, as HiCS is a serious but potentially reversible disease with a good prognosis. We present a case of HiCS presenting with a characteristic history of recurrent ataxia, tremor, and vertigo that improved with treatment. Our patient was atypical, as there were no significant MRI findings attributable to hypomagnesemia. Only seven case reports are available throughout the world that show such disparity.