An initially diagnosed actinomycotic brain abscess was reclassified to Campylobacter gracilis. Structural similarities between Gram-positive anaerobes highlight the diagnostic difficulties in identifying brain abscess-causing organisms. Advances in microbial identification have led to new species and genera recognition and reclassification of existing taxa. Awareness of these is necessary in order to understand the role of newly-described/reclassified organisms in disease processes.
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