This short report illustrates a case of a 70-year-old ex-smoker who worked with asbestos presenting with an abnormal chest x-ray suspicious for lung cancer on initial appearance. However, subsequent investigations confirmed RA, a well recognised pleural condition associated with asbestos. The historical background of RA, its pathogenesis and imaging characteristics are reviewed. Rounded atelectasis remains an important differential diagnosis to consider in asbestos-exposed individuals with an abnormal chest x-ray. Correct diagnosis has important implications for management and avoidance of unnecessary surgical staging and treatment for presumed lung cancer.
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