THE DECLINE OF GERMAN MEDICINE,1933–45

1 Burleigh M. Death and Deliverance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1994; 13.

2Ibid. p. 11.

3Ibid. p. 29.

4Ibid. p. 36.

5Ibid. p. 27.

6 Pross C. Nazi doctors, German medicine, and historical truth. In: Annas G, Grodin M, editors. The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992; 33.

7 Burleigh M. The Third Reich. London: Macmillan; 2000; 352.

8 Weale A. Science and the Swastika. London: Macmillan; 2001; 34.

9 Caplan A. How did medicine go so wrong? In: Caplan A, editor. When Medicine Went Mad. New Jersey: Humana Press; 1992; 82.

10 Günther H. The Racial Elements of European History. (Translated from the second German edition by Wheeler G.) London: Methuen &Co. Ltd; 1927; 204.

11Ibid. p. 240.

12Ibid. p. 245.

13Ibid. p. 247.

14Caplan, op.cit.ref. 9, 81.

15 Medawar J Pyke D. Hitler’s Gift. London: Richard Cohen Books; 2000; 165.

16Weale, op.cit.ref. 8, 199.

17 Friedländer H. The Origins of Nazi Genocide. Chapel Hill &London: North Carolina Press; 1995; 8.

18 Bramwell A. Blood and Soil. Abbotsbrook; 1985; 90.

19 Macklin R. Which way down the slippery slope? In: Caplan A, editor. When Medicine Went Mad. New Jersey: Humana Press; 1992; 187.

20 Cranford R. The Contemporary Euthanasia Movement and the Nazi Euthanasia Program. In: Caplan A, editor. When Medicine Went Mad. New Jersey: Humana Press; 1992; 204.

21Burleigh, op.cit.ref. 7, 230.

22 Weindling P. Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism 1870–1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1993; 507.

23Caplan, op.cit.ref. 9, 83–4.

24Macklin, op.cit.ref. 18, 191–2.

25Caplan, op.cit.ref. 9, 90.

26 Aly G P Chroust Pross C. Cleansing the Fatherland. (Translated by Cooper B.) Baltimore, Maryland: The John Hopkins University Press; 1994; 89.

27Burleigh, op.cit.ref. 7, 525.

28 Proctor R. Nazi biomedical policies. In: Caplan A, editor. When Medicine Went Mad. New Jersey: Humana Press; 1992; 39.

29Caplan, op.cit.ref. 9, 55.

30Caplan, op.cit.ref. 9, 56.

31 Lifton R. The Nazi Doctors. 2nd edition. New York: Basic Books; 2000; 78.

32Weindling, op.cit.ref. 21, 169.

33Weindling, op.cit.ref. 21, 485.

34 Berger RL. Nazi science – the Dachau hypothermia experiments. N Eng J Med 1990; 322:1435–40.

35 Golden F. Personal communication. 9 April 2002.

36 Katz J. Abuse of human beings for the sake of science. In: Caplan A, editor. When Medicine Went Mad. New Jersey: Humana Press; 1992; 252.

37Pross, op.cit.ref. 6, 35–6.

38Weindling, op.cit.ref. 21, 559.

39Caplan, op.cit.ref. 9, 92.

40 Proctor R. The Nazi War on Cancer. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 1999; 273.

41Caplan, op.cit.ref. 9, 88–9.

42Caplan, op.cit.ref. 9, 58.

43Proctor, op.cit.ref. 27, 38.

44 Kater M. Doctors Under Hitler. Chapel Hill &London: The University of North Carolina Press; 1989; 140.

45Medawar, Pyke, op.cit.ref. 15, 21.

46Ibid. p. 77.

47Ibid. p.171.

48Lifton, op.cit.ref. 30, 40.

49Medawar, Pyke, op.cit.ref. 15, 146.

50Kater, op.cit.ref. 43, 155.

51 Vital D. A People Apart. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999; 810.

52Medawar, Pyke, op.cit.ref. 15, xii.

53 Friedländer S. Nazi Germany and The Jews. 2nd edition. London: Orion Books Ltd; 1998; 50.

54 Baron JH. European roots of American gastroenterology. Z Gastroenterol 2001; 39:853–60.

55Proctor, op.cit.ref. 39,183.

56Proctor, op.cit.ref. 39,195.

57Proctor, op.cit.ref. 39, 213–14.

58 Scruton J. Stoke Mandeville Road to the Paralympics. Brill: The Peterhouse Press; 1998; 1.

59Proctor, op.cit.ref. 39, 153.

60 Biesold H. Crying Hands. (Translated by Sayers W.) Washington: Gallaudet University Press; 1999; 36.

61Kater, op.cit.ref. 43, 169.

62Friedländer, op.cit.ref. 52, 225.

63Friedländer, op.cit.ref. 52, 30.

64Kater, op.cit.ref.43, 187.

65Kater, op.cit.ref.43, 190.

66Kater, op.cit.ref.43, 188.

67Kater, op.cit.ref.43, 200.

68Kater, op.cit.ref.43, 201.

69Kater, op.cit.ref.43, 199.