The concepts of brittleness and toughness are discussed. The fundamental origins and quantitative expressions of these properties are briefly considered. Techniques which have been developed to reduce the brittleness of various types of structural adhesive — phenolic, reactive acrylates, anaerobic and epoxy — are reviewed, and the chemistry involved in these various methods is outlined.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Data from various sources, but especially from ‘Elastic and Plastic Fracture’ by AtkinsA.G. and Y-W. Mai. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1985
After ‘The New Science of Strong Materials - or Why You Don't Fall Through the Floor’, by J.E. Gordon. Penguin Books, London, 1968
5.
Patent U.S. 3,890,407, Priority 4 May 1973, 1975
6.
StamperD. J., in Chapter 3 of ‘Synthetic Adhesives and Sealants’, edited by WakeW.C., John Wiley, Chichester, 1987. Note: This is probably the best review of acrylate adhesives published recently and has been used extensively in the present work
7.
CharnockR.S. and MartinF.R., Proceedings of the International Adhesion Conference, The Plastics and Rubber Institute, held at Durham, 1980, pp. 16–1. to 16-9
8.
British Patent 577 823, 1942, Aero Research Ltd.
9.
British Patent 630 140, 1943, GoodrichB.F. Company
10.
British Patent 756 466, 1953, Aero Research Ltd.
11.
RaynerC.A.A. in ‘Adhesion and Adhesives’, edited by HouwinkR. and SalomonG., Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam and London1965, 1, pp. 320–326.
12.
British Patent 1 005 477, Eastman Kodak
13.
Anon. Adhesives Age, 19, 21, Sept. 1976
14.
PatentsU.S. 3 594 451, 1971; 3 890 470, 1975; Du Pont de Nemours Company
15.
BoederC.W. in ‘Structural Adhesives - Chemistry and Technology’, edited by HartshornS.R., Plenum Press, New York and London1986, pp. 236–237.
16.
MurrayB.D., HauserM. and ElliottJ.R. in ‘Handbook of Adhesives’, edited by SkeistI., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 2nd edition, 1977, pp. 564–568.
