Fifty Years of Natural Rubber Research: the Golden Jubilee of the Malaysian Rubber Producers’ Research Association

The Association has published over 1200 scientific papers; the references given here are necessarily selective and often to only one of a series of papers A complete author bibliography is available, and full accounts of the Association's research work is given in two books:

The Chemistry and Physics of Rubber-like Substances, (ed. Bateman L.), London, Maclaren, 1963

Natural Rubber Science and Technology, (ed. Roberts A.D. , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988

Bateman L. , Proceedings of the Natural Rubber Producers’ Research Association Jubilee Conference, Cambridge 1984 (ed. Mullins L.), London, Maclaren and Sons Ltd., 1965, p. 2

Rideal Sir E. , The Chemistry and Physics of Rubber-like Substances (ed. Bateman L), London, Maclaren, 1963

Bloomfield G.F. and Farmer E.H. , ‘Fractionation of Rubber’, Trans. Instn. Rubb. Ind., 16, 1940, 69–86

Gee G. , ‘The Molecular Weights of Rubber and Related Materials. Part 4. The Micellar Theory of the Structure of Rubber, Trans. Faraday Soc., 38, 1942, 109–15

Gee G. and Treloar L.R.G. , ‘The Interaction Between Rubber and Liquids. Part 1. Thermodynamical A. Study of the System Rubber-Benzene’, Trans. Faraday Soc., 38, 1942, 147–165

Gee G. , ‘Some Thermodynamic Properties of High Polymers, and their Molecular Interpretation’, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1, 1947, 265–98

Treloar LR.G. , ‘The Elasticity of a Network of Long-Chain Molecules’, Trans. Faraday Soc., 39, 1943, 36–41

Treloar LR.G. , ‘The Physics of Rubber Elasticity’, Oxford, Clarendon, 1949

Tristram G.R. , ‘The Proteins of Hevea Brasiliensis. Part 1. Analysis of Product Isolated Dried Latex, Biochem. J., 34, 1940, 301–6

Bolland J.L. , ‘Kinetics of Olefin Oxidation’, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 3, 1949, 1–21

Farmer E.H. and Michael S.E. , ‘Rubber, Polyisoprenes and Allied Compounds. Part 2. The Molecule-Linking Capacity of Free Radicals and its Beating on the Mechanism of Vulcanisation and Photogelling Reactions’, J. Chem. Soc., 1942, 513–19

Farmer E.H. and Shipley F.W. , ‘Modern Views on the Chemistry of Vulcanisation Changes. Part 1. Nature of the Reaction Between Sulphur and Olefins’, J. Polymer Sci., 1, 1946, 293–304

Wilson J. , 2nd Annual Report, The British Rubber Producers’ Research Association, 1940, p. 12

Blow CM. , ‘The Deposition of Rubber on to Textile Fibres’, J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 57, 1938, 116–24

Blow CM and Burgess G.C. , ‘Improvements in and Relating to Elastic Fabric for Bandages and the Like’, British Patent 545,582, 3 Jun. 1942

Blow CM. , ‘Positex, Rubb. Dev., 1,1, 1947, 29–33

Dawson T.R. , ‘Rubber Derivatives’, Rubb. Dev., 1, 2, 1947, 15–21

Mullins L. , ‘Natural Rubber in Asphalt Pavements’, NR Te'chnol., 2, 3, 1971, No. 7

Popham F. J. , ‘Improvements in and Relating to Synthetic Resinous Condensation Products and the Like’, British Patent 538,922, 21 Aug. 1941

Farmer E.H. ,'Improvements in and Relating to the Preparation of Oil Resisting Rubbers’, British Patent 572,575, 15 Oct 1945

Roberts K.C. , ‘Improvements in the Manufacture of Adhesive Compositions’, British Patent 572,862, 26 Oct. 1945

Stokes S.C. , ‘Improvements in and Relating to Sponge Rubber, British Patent540,917, 5 Nov. 1941

Stokes S.C. , ‘Improvements in or Relating to Buoyant Rubber Compositions’, British Patent 570,137, 25 June 1945

Bateman L , ‘Olefin Oxidation’, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 8, 1954, 147–67

Barnard D , Bateman L and Cunneen J.I. , ‘Oxidation of Organic Sulphides’, Organic Sulphur Compounds, (ed. Kharasch N.), Oxford, Pergamon, 1961, 229–47

Cain M.E. and Cunneen J.I. , ‘Oxidation of Organic Sulphides. Part 14. The Antioxidant Effect of Organic Sulphur Compounds Structurally Related to Crosslinks in Natural Rubber Vulcanisates’, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3323–7

Braden M. and Fletcher W.P. , ‘Vulcanisation of Rubber with Organic Peroxides. Part 2’, Trans. Instn Rubb. Ind., 31, 1955, 155–65

Turner D.T. , ‘Radiation Crosslinking of Rubbers. Part 5. Yield of Hydrogen and Crosslinks’, Polymer, 1, 1960, 27–40

Bloomfield G.F. , ‘The Reaction of Sulphur and Sulphur Compounds with Olefinic Substances. Part 5. Rubber Vulcanisation’, J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 67, 1948, 14–17

Moore C.G. and Trego B.R. , ‘Structural Characterisation of Vulcanisates. Part 4. Use of Triphenylphosphine and Sodium din-butyl Phosphite to Determine the Structures of Sulphur Linkages in Natural Rubber, cis-1,4-Polyisoprene and Ethylene-Propylene Rubber Vulcanisate Networks’, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 8, 1964, 1957–83

Allen P.W. , Bell CLM. and Cockbain EG. , ‘Polymerisation of Vinyl Monomers in Rubber Latexes’, Rubb. Chem. Technol, 33, 1960, 825–33

Cunneen J.I. , ‘cis-trans Isomerisation in Natural Polyisoprenes’, Rubb. Chem Technol., 33, 1960, 445–56

Pike M. and Watson W.F. , ‘Mastication of Rubber. Part 1. Mechanism of Plasticising by Cold Mastication’, J. Polym. Sci., 18, 1955, 229–51

Ceresa RJ. and Watson W.F. , ‘Polymerisation by Mastication of Monomers in Crosslinked Rubbers’, Trans. Instn. Rubb. Ind., 35, 1959, 19–24

Schallamach A , ‘Abrasion Pattern on Rubber, Trans. Instn. Rubb. Ind., 28, 1952, 256–68

Schallamach A , ‘Principal Considerations on Tyre Wear, Rubb. Chem. Technol., 29, 1956, 781–8

Grosch K.A and Schallamach A , ‘Tyre Wear at Controlled Slip’, Wear, 4, 1961, 356–71

Gent AN. , ‘Crystallisation in Natural Rubber. Part 4. Temperature Dependence’, J. Polym Sci., 18, 1955, 321–34

Mullins L and Thomas AG. , ‘Determination of the Degree of Crosslinking in Natural Rubber Vulcanisates. Part 5. Effect of Network Flaws due to Free Chain Ends’, J. Polym. Sci., 43, 1960, 13–21

Rivlin R.S. and Thomas AG. , ‘Rupture of Rubber. Part 1. Characteristics Energy for Tearing’, J. Polym. Sci., 10, 1953, 291–318

Gent AN. , ‘Relaxation processes in Vulcanised Rubber. Part 1. Relation Among Stress Relaxation, Creep, Hysteresis’, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 6, 1962, 433–41

Dunn J.R. , Scanlon J. and Watson W.F. , ‘Stress Relaxation During the Thermal Oxidation of Vulcanised Natural Rubber’, Trans. Faraday Soc., 55, 1959, 667–75

Braden M. and Gent AN. , ‘The Attack of Ozone on Stretched Rubber Vulcanisates. Part 2. Conditions for Cut Growth’, J. Appl-Polym. Sci., 1960, 3, 100–6.

Braden M. , Role of Diffusion in Antiozonant Action’, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 6, 1962, 56–8

Mullins L. , ‘Aspects of Physical Basis of Reinforcement’, Trans. Instn. Rubb. Ind., 32, 1956, 231–41

Rivlin R.S. , ‘Large Elastic Deformations of Isotropic Materials. Part 1. Fundamental Concepts’, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 240, 1948, 459–90

Rivlin R.S. , ‘Some Applications of Elasticity Theory to Rubber Engineering’, Proc. 2nd Rubb. Technol. Conf., London 1948 (ed. Dawson T.R.), Cambridge, Heffer, 1948, 204–11

Heughan DM. , ‘Improvements in and Relating to Rail Pads’, British Patent 786,483, 20 Nov. 1957

Lindley P.B. , ‘Rubber Bearings for Modern Bridges’, Civ. Engng., 57, 1962, 1153–7

Cockbain E.G. , ‘The Colloidal Stability of Rubber Latex, Rubb. Age N.Y. , 62, 1948, 649–51

Cockbain EG. , ‘Heat Sensitisation of Natural Latex: Recent Developments’, Trans. Instn. Rubb. Ind., 32, 1956, 97–101

McRoberts T.S. , ‘Stability of Ammoniated Latex and Soap-Stabilised Emulsions in the Presence of Complex Zinc Salts’, Proc. 3rd Rubb. Technol. Conf., London, 1954, 38–49

Andrews EH and Dickenson P.B. , ‘Preliminary Electron Microscope Observations on the Ultra-Structure of the Latex Vessel and its Contents in Young Tissues of Hevea Brasil-iensis’, Proc. Nat Rubb. Res. Conf, Kuala Lumpur, 1960, 756–65

Archer B.L , ‘Site and Mechanism of Rubber Biosynthesis from Mevalonate, Proceedings of the Natural Rubber Producers’ Research Association Jubilee Conference, Cambridge, 1964,   (ed. Mullins L), London, Maclaren, 1965,  pp. 101–12

Archer B.L , Barnard D. and Cockbain EG , ‘The Stereochemistry of Rubber Biosynthesis, Proc. R. Soc., B, 163, 1966, 519–23

Blow CM , ‘Cyclised Rubber its Development and Applications’, Rubb. Dev, 5, 1952,44-7

Stokes S.C. and Walker AR , ‘Non-woven Fabrics Bonded with Rubber. Part 1. Pilot Plant Production’, Rubb. Dev, 8, 1955, 82–5

Stokes S.C. , ‘Moulding and Casting Processes Using Rubber Latex, India Rubb. Wld, 121, 1950, 544–6

Pole E.G. , improvements in Fibreboard’, British Patent 831,641, 30 Mar. 1960

Pike M. , ‘Further Developments of Fluid Rubber Compositions’, Rubb. Dev., 6, 1953, 70–4

Stacey A.J. , Bevan AR. and Dickens C.W. , ‘ New A. Phantom Material Employing De-polymerised Natural Rubber’, Br. J. Radiol., 34, 1961, 510–515

Bloomfield G.F. , Swift P.Mc L and Vennells W.G., improvements in the Service Properties of Natural Rubber’, Rev. Gen. Caoutch., 39, 1962, 1579–86

Fogg S.G. , ‘Compounding Natural Rubber for Resistance to Static and Dynamic Ozone Exposure’, Trans. Instn. Rubb. Ind., 38, 1962, 234–57

Baker H.C. and Foden R.M. , ‘Recent Developments in Superior Processing Natural Rubber’, Rubb. Chem. Technol., 33, 1960, 810–24

Moore C.G. , Mullins L , Simpson K.E. and Swift P. Mc L , ‘A reappraisal of the Oil-Extension of Natural Rubber’, Rubb. Dev., 15, 1962, 40–50

Introducing MRPRA Hertford The Malaysian Rubber Producers’ Research Association, 1988

Barnard D , Cain M.E. , Cunneen J.I. and Houseman T.H. , ‘Oxidation of Vulcanised Natural Rubber, Rubb. Chem. Technol, 42, 1972, 381–401

Cain M.E. , Gazeley K.F. , Gelling I.R. and Lewis P.M. , ‘The Chemistry and Technology of Rubber-Bound and Related Novel Antioxidants’, Rubb. Chem. Technol, 45, 1972, 204–21

Baker C.S.L. , Barnard D. and Porter M. , ‘New Concepts in Vulcanisation of Natural Rubber’, J. Rubb. Res. Inst. Malaya, 22, 1969, 317–30

Baker C.S.L , ‘Latest Developments in the Urethane Crosslinking of Natural Rubber, Kaut u. Gummi, 36, 1983, 677–84

Porter M. , ‘The Chemistry of the Sulphur Vulcanisation of Natural Rubber1, Chemistry of Sulphides, (ed. Tobolsky A.V.), New York, Interscience, 1968

Morrison N.J. and Porter M. , ‘Temperature Effects on the Stability of Intermediates and Crosslinks in Sulphur Vulcanisation’, Rubb. Chem. Technol, 57, 1984, 63–85

Campbell D.S. , Loeber D.E. and Tinker AJ. , ‘Efficient Grafting of Polystyrene on to Polydienes by Dry Mixing’, Polymer, 20 1979, 393–4

Elliott D.J. , ‘Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Blends’, Powdered Liquid and Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Proceedings of a UNIDO-Sponsored Symposium, Phuket Thailand, 1981, Hertford: MRPRA, 1983

Gelling I.R. , ‘Modification of Natural Rubber with Percetic Acid’, Rubb. Chem. Technol, 58, 1985, 86–96

Gregory MJ. , ‘The Solvolytic Fragmentation of Trialkoxy-2-Halogenoethylsilanes’, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II, 1973, 1699–1702

Dickenson P.B. , ‘Compositions Containing Plant Growth Regulants’, British Patent 1,315,131, 26 Apr. 1973

Audley B.G. , Archer B.L. and Carruthers I.B. , ‘Translocation and Metabolism of Ethephon and Related Compounds in Hevea Brasiliensis’, Proc. Int Rubb. Conf., Kuala Lumpur, 1975, Vol. 2, 565-585

Baker H.C , Barker L.R. , Chambers W.T. and Greensmith H.W. , ‘The Properties of Market Grades of Natural Rubber’, Rubb. J., 149, 1967, 10–21

Russell R.M. , Skinner T.D. and Watson A A , ‘EV Systems for NR - Part 2’, Rubb. Age, 99, 1967, 69–81

Smith J.F. , ‘Natural Rubber Compounds for Low Creep and Improved Dynamic Performance’, Rubber in Engineering, 1973, (eds. Lindley P.B. and Rodway H.G.), London MRPRA 1973

Wheelans MA , Injection Moulding of Rubber, London, Butterworths, 1974

Wheelans MA , ‘Powdered NR- Applications, Processing and Economies’, Powdered, Liquid and Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Proceedings of a UNIDO-sponsored Symposium, Phuket, Thailand, 1981, Hertford MRPRA, 1984

Metherell C , Continuous Vulcanisation of Natural Rubber Using the LCM Process. MRPRA Technical Bulletin, in the press

Allen P.W. , Winter Tyres: the Story of a Successful Innovation’, Rubb. Dev., 34, 1981, 102–6

Clapson B.E. and Lake G.J. , ‘Truck Tyre Groove Cracking Theory and Practice’, Rubb. J., 152, 1970, 36–52

Breidenbach R F and Lake G. J. , ‘Mechanics of Fracture in Two-Ply Laminates’, Rubb. Chem. Technol, 52, 1979, 96–109

Southern E. and Thomas AG. , ‘Studies of Rubber Abrasion’, Plast. Rubb. Mat. Applic, 3, 1978, 133–8

Philpott MW. and Gazeley K.F. , unpublished work

Pendle T.D. , ‘ New A. Method of Increasing the Flame Resistance of Natural Rubber’, Rubber Dev., 14, 1961, 42–45

Gorton A.D.T. and Pendle T.D. , ‘ New A. Rapid Measurement of Crosslink Density in Compounded Natural Latices’, NR Technol., 7, 1976, 77–81

Philpott MW. , ‘Activation of Sulphur-Bearing Vulcanisation Accelerators and Curing Agents’, Proc. 4th Rubb. Technol. Conf., London, 1962, 470–84

Lindley P.B. , Engineering Design with Natural Rubber. MRPRA Technical Bulletin, 1964

Derham C.J. , ‘Creep and Stress Relaxation and their Relevance to Engineering Applications’, Rubber in Engineering 1973, (eds. Lindley P.B. and Rodway H.G.), London: MRPRA 1973

Stevenson A , ‘Crystallisation Stiffening of Rubber Vulcanisates at Low Environmental Temperatures’, Kauts. u. Gummi Kunst, 37, 1984, 105–9

Harwood J. AC , Mullins L and Payne AR. , ‘Stress Softening in Rubbers - a Review’, J. Instn. Rubb. Ind, 1, 1967, 17–27

Lindley P.B. , ‘Automobile Anti-Impact Bumpers of Natural Rubber’, Auto. Engng., 78, 1970, 30–1

Elliott D.J. and Derham C.J. , ‘Grand Prix Success for Natural Rubber, Rubb. Dev., 28, 1975, 3–5

Anon., ‘Record Speed on Rubber Suspension’, Rubb. Dev., 36, 1983, 94–99

Waller R.A , ‘Flats Isolated from Vibration’, Rubb. Dev., 19, 1966, 91–3

Derham C.J. , Woolton L.R. and Learoyd S.B.B. , ‘Vibration Isolation and Earthquake Protection of Buildings by Natural Rubber Mountings’, Proc. Rubb. Engng. Conf, KualaLumpurl984;NRTechnol.,6, 1975, 21–33

Derham C.J. , Southern E. and Thomas AG. , Some Factors Affecting the Life of Rubber Articles in Service’, NR Technol., 1, 2, 1970, No. 7

Chow V.W. and Knight G.T. , ‘Factors Influencing High Temperature Ageing of Large Natural Rubber Components’, Proc. Int. Rubb. Conf., Kuala Lumpur, 1975, 5, 57–73.

Stevenson A , ‘Longevity of Natural Rubber in Structural Bearings’, Plast. Rubb. Process. Applns., 5, 1985, 253–58

Higgins G.M.C. , ‘Chemical Analysis for Quality Control in the Rubber Manufacturing Industry’, Proc. Int. Rubb. Conf., Kuala Lumpur, 1975, 5, 324–35.

Anon., ‘Physical Testing at NRPRA, NR Technol., 4, 1973, 41–45

Tinker A. J. , ‘Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Blends - An Update’, NR Technol., 18, 1987, 30–34

Anon., ‘Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Available Now’, Rubb. Dev., 40, 1987, 128

Gelling I.R. , ‘Epoxidised Natural Rubber’, Technol NR , 18, 1987, 21–29

Baker C.S.L , Gelling I.R. and Wallace I.R. , ‘Recent Developments in Tyre-Retread Compounding', 132 nd ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio USA, October 1987

White E.P. , ‘Very Good Against An Earthquake’, Rubb. Dev., 41, 1988, 45–53

Baker C.S.L. , ‘MRPRA will Continue to Ensure That Natural Rubber's Merits are Exploited to the Full’, Rubb. Dev., 41, 1988, 34–36