The techniques for characterising the dynamic properties of polymers in the transition zone are reviewed and it is seen that alternative techniques are needed for some applications. The use of low temperature modulus and creep measurements to characterise the rubber-glass transition zone is described and it is seen to offer advantages over dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) when attempting to rapidly monitor small changes in mechanical properties produced by compositional or process variations. Since the measurements can be made using comparatively cheap equipment, with a minimum of operator skill, they offer an inexpensive alternative to DMTA techniques.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
LindleyP.B., ‘Engineering Design with Natural Rubber’. NR Technical Bulletin MRPRA, 1974
2.
ProgelholR.C and ThroneJ.L, ‘Young's Modulus of Uniform Thermoplastic Foam’. Polymer Engineering and Science, 19,7, May 1979, 493–505
3.
FerryJ.D., ‘Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers’. Chapter2,21-60, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1961
4.
McKinneyJ.E., EdelmanS. and MarvinR.S., ‘Apparatus for the Direct Determination of the Dynamic Bulk Modulus’. J. Appl. Phys., 27, 5, 1956, 425–430
5.
IveyD.G., MrowcaB.A. and GuthE., ‘Propagation of Ultrasonic Bulk Waves in High Polymers’. J. Appl. Phys., 20, 6, June 1949, 486–492
6.
SchmiederK. and WolfK., Kolloid-K, 127, 1952, 65–78
SeegerM., ‘Measurement of the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polymers with a Computerised Torsion Pendulum’. Int. Rubber Conference, Venedig, 3-6 October 1979, Proceedings, S 422-450
9.
SeegerM., ‘ComputerisedA. Torsional Pendulum for Measuring the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polymers’. Vlllth Int Congress on Rheology, Neapel, 1:6 September 1980
10.
LearJ.D. and GillP.S., ‘Theory of Operation of the Du Pont 982 Dynamic Mechanical Analyser’. Du Pont, Analytical Instrument Division
11.
‘Du Pont 982 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Systems’. Du Pont, Analytical Instruments Division
12.
ReadB.E. and DeanG.D., ‘The Determination of Dynamic Properties of Polymers and Composites’. Adam Hilger, Bristol, 1978
13.
DeanG.D. and ReadB.E., ‘Measurement of Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties’.Plastics and Rubber Materials and Applications, September1976, 145–150
14.
LemmensJ.W., Private Communication. ‘Grindo- Sonic; J.W. Lemmens—Electronika NV, Research Park, B3030 Leuve, Belgium
17(a) MeersmanC.E., ‘The Dynalyser, An Instrument for Measurement of the Dynamic Properties of Rubber’. Rubber Division Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio, 13— 16 October 1981
18.
(b) PetersJ., MeersmanC.E. and VanherckP., ‘The Measurement of the Elastic and Loss Moduli of Rubber and Rubberlike Materials’. Academiae Analecta, Kalsse der Welenschapper, Jaurgang, 1981, 43
19.
FerryJ.D., ‘Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers’. Chapter 11, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1961, 201–247
20.
DaveyA.B. and PayneA.R., ‘Rubber in Engineering Practice’. Maclaren and Sons Inc., 1964
21.
TownendD.J., ‘Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Thermal Analysis’. Kingston, Ontario, 1982
