Abstract
Acrylic elastomers have a saturated backbone and, therefore, have very good resistance to heat, UV light, ozone and sulphur bearing oils; the oil resistance being due to the ester groups. At present the main applications are in critical automotive seal components where high resistance to hot oils, hot transmission fluids and oils containing sulphur additives is required. However, the overall properties of the polymers, particularly new generation types, offer the potential for a wider range of applications.
The first acrylic elastomers were based on ethyl acrylate but these had limited utility, particularly for vulcanised products. Thus, there evolved a division of monomers into two classes, backbone monomers and cure-site monomers. The former account for 95 to 99% of the composition and determine the balance of oil resistance and low temperature performance. Common backbone monomers are ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methoxy ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile. Cure-site monomers are present at a level of 1 to 5% and provide functional groups for subsequent cross-linking reactions. A wide variety of cure-site monomers are available for acrylic rubbers. However, the most popular ones contain either a chlorine or epoxy cure-site. The initial acrylic elastomers were difficult to process, scorchy but slow curing, required a post cure for acceptable compression set and while they had good oil resistance the low temperature performance was poor. In the last forty years various improvements have been made which overcome or reduce these deficiences.
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