Structure – property relationships of different natural rubber grades

Abstract

The effects of various natural rubber (NR) grades, namely RSS 3, STR 5L, STR 10, STR 20 and STR 20CV, towards their final properties were investigated. The molecular characteristics of these NR grades were assessed by gel permeation chromatography and by determining protein contents. The highest molecular weight was found for RSS 3, while STR 20CV had the lowest molecular weight. No relationship between molecular weight and protein content was seen in this study. A higher molecular weight rubber provided greater maximum torque and torque difference, and a better resistance to degradation during processing. However, no significant difference was found among molecular weights higher than 1.25 × 10⁶ g/mol. The final torque during processing and the Mooney viscosity of rubber increased with molecular weight due to tie chain entanglements, as later confirmed by a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Thermo-stability and stress relaxation of the various NR grades were also largely governed by their molecular weights. Stability of rubber at an elevated temperature improved with molecular weight. Also, the tensile properties and the strain-induced crystallization varied with the molecular weight. The tensile strength of various NR grades varied from 15 to 18 MPa while the elongation at break was 600%–800%. The molecular weight of NR was found to have a great effect on the processing, thermomechanical, dynamic, and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. In addition, a narrow molecular weight distribution also affected the mechanical properties. The crystallinities of the NRs during stretching were closely related to their tensile behavior, and the alignment of crystal structures during stretching was almost parallel to the stretching direction in all NR samples. The molecular weight of NR appears to be a key factor associated with the mechanical properties and reinforcement behavior of vulcanizates.