Utilization of coir fibre as an asphalt modifier

Abstract

The influence of added coir (coconut) fibre of various lengths (from 2.5 mm to 10 mm) and dosages (up to 8 wt%) on the rheological properties of Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) was evaluated by measuring changes in the phase angle, δ (measure of the elasticity) and the complex modulus, G* (measure of the degree of stiffness). Results indicated that for both TLA and TPB, the highest values of G* (stiffest) and the lowest values of δ (most elastic) were observed for blends containing 2.5-mm coir fibre lengths for added coir concentrations of 6% and 8%, respectively. When compared to the unmodified TLA, the addition of 6 wt% of 2.5-mm coir fibre resulted in the largest significant increase in G* (7.3 times) as well as a significant decrease in δ (from 49.3° to 19.8°), representing a significant stiffening and increased elasticity of the modified blend. For TPB, the optimum concentration of added coir fibre occurred after the addition of 6 wt% of the 2.5-mm coir fibre, which resulted in the largest significant increase in G* of 5.4 times (stiffening) as well as a significant decrease in δ from 86.2° to 47.4° (increased elasticity as the material transformed from an almost viscous liquid to a semi-elastic solid) when compared to the unmodified pure TPB. The utilization of coir fibre for the rheological enhancement of Trinidad asphaltic materials can also provide an environmentally attractive option for solving the waste disposal issues associated with the dumping of waste coconut husk.

Keywords

TLA TPB coir rheology complex shear modulus phase angle

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Roberts

Mohammad

Wang

. History of hot mix asphalt mixture design in the United States. J Mater Civil Eng 2002; 14(4): 279–293.

Maharaj

. Composition and rheological properties of Trinidad Lake Asphalt and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen. Int J Appl Chem 2009; 5(3): 169–179.

Widyatmoko

Elliott

. Characteristics of elastomeric and plastomeric binders in contact with natural asphalts. Constr Build Mater 2008; 22: 239–249.

Sivilevicius

Perkevicius

. Regularities of defect development in theasphalt concrete road pavements. J Civil Eng Manage 2002; 8(3): 206–213.

Walker

. Asphalt PASER manual. In: Entine

(ed) Wisconsin Transportation Information Center. Wisconsin, USA: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2002, pp. 4–12.

Ozgan

. Artificial neural network based modelling of the Marshall stability of asphalt concrete. Exp Sys Appl 2011; 38: 6025–6030.

Kim

. Modeling of asphalt binder properties and its application to modified binders, Chapter 2. C New York City, USA: ASCE Press and McGraw-Hill Construction, 2009.

Terrel

Epps

. Asphalt modifiers-A user’s manual for additives and modifiers in asphalt pavement. Draft report NAPA. Maryland, USA: National Asphalt Pavement Association, 1988.

Bailey

Philips

. Asphalt rejuvenation. US Patent 0034586 A1, 2010.

10.

Abiola

Kupolati

Sadiku

, et al. Utilisation of natural fibre as modifier in bituminous mixes: a review. Constr Build Mater 2014; 54: 305–312.

11.

Ministry of Planning and Development. Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago National Waste Recycling Policy. (2015). Available at: http://www.planning.gov.tt/sites/default/files/WASTE%20RECYCLING%20POLICY%202015%20Final.pdf (accessed 20 August 2018).

12.

Batayneh

Marie

Asi

. Promoting the use of crumb rubber concrete in developing countries. Waste Manage 2008; 28(11): 2171–2176.

13.

Mohammed

John

. Laboratory scale briquette production from agricultural waste from Trinidadian vendors. J Associ Prof Eng Trin Tobago 2011; 40(2): 57–60.

14.

Chiew

Iwata

Shimada

. System analysis of effective use of palm oil waste as energy resources. Biom Bioener 2011; 35: 2925–2935.

15.

Ali

Liu

Sou

, et al. Mechanical and dynamic properties of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. Constr Build Mater 2012; 30: 814–825.

16.

Oda

Fernandes

Jr Ildefonso

. Analysis of use of natural fibers and asphalt rubber binder in discontinuous asphalt mixtures. Constr Build Mater 2012; 26: 13–20.

17.

Narayan

. Laboratory investigations on stone matrix asphalt using sisal fibre for Indian roads. Rourkela: National Institute of Technology, BTech, 2010.

18.

Thulsairajan

Narasimha

. Studies on coir fibre reinforced bituminous concrete. Int J Earth Sci Eng 2011; 4(6): 835–838.

19.

Nciri

Kim

, et al. An in-depth investigation into the physicochemical, thermal, microstructural and rheological properties of petroleum and natural asphalts. Materials 2016; 9(10): 859.

20.

Menon

Nikolov

Wasan

. Interfacial effects in solids-stabilized emulsions. J Colloid Int Sci 1988; 124(1): 317–327.

21.

Schramm

Hepler

. Surface and Interfacial tensions of aqueous dispersions of charged colloidal (clay) particles. Canad J Chem 1994; 72: 1915–1920.

22.

Smith

Chatergoon

Whiting

, et al. Use of size distribution and viscosity to distinguish asphalt colloidal types. Fuel 1995; 74(2): 301–304.

23.

Gelot

Friesen

Hamza

. Emulsification of oil and water in the presence of finely divided solids and surface agents. Colloid Surf 1984; 12: 271.

24.

Yan

Masliyah

. Characterization and demulsification of solids-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions part 1. Partitioning of clay particles and preparation of emulsions. Colloid Surf 1995; 96: 229–242.

25.

Zare-Shahabadi

Shokuhfar

Ebrahimi-Nejad

. Preparation and Rheological Characterization of Asphalt Binders Reinforced with Layered Silicate Nanoparticles (Report). Constr Build Mater, Reed Business Information, Inc, USA, 2010.

26.

Jahromi

Andalibizade

Vossough

. Engineering properties of nanoclay modified asphalt concrete mixtures. Arab J Sci Eng 2010; 35(1B): 89–103.

27.

Polacco

Stastna

Biondi

, et al. Rheology of asphalts modified with glycidylmethacrylate functionalized polymers. J Colloid Int Sci 2004; 280: 366–373.

28.

Asgharzadeh

Tabatabaee

Naderi

, et al. Evaluation of rheological master curve models for bituminous binders. Mater Struct 2015; 48: 393–406.

29.

Sun

Huang

Burdette

, et al. Characterizing rheological behavior of asphalt binder over a complete range of pavement service loading frequency and temperature. Constr Build Mater 2016; 123: 661–667.

30.

Maharaj

Singh-Ackbarali

. The viscoelastic properties of Trinidad Lake Asphalt-used engine oil blends. Int J Appl Chem 2011; 7(7): 1–8.

31.

Hosein

Maharaj

, et al. The effect of particle size and concentration of crumb rubber on the rutting and fatigue cracking resistance of Trinidad Lake Asphalt and petroleum bitumen. Int J Arts Sci 2013; 6(4): 321–335.

32.

Maynard

Maharaj

. The effect of polyethylene terephthalate particle size and concentration on the properties of asphalt and bitumen as an additive. Prog Rubb Plast Recycl Technol 2015; 31(1): 1–24.

33.

Maharaj

Ramjattan-Harry

Mohamed

. The rheological properties of waste cooking oil blended Trinidad asphaltic materials. Prog Rubb Plast Recycl Technol 2015; 31(4): 219–234.

34.

Smith

Chattergoon

Whiting

. Use of elemental and functional group analysis for monitoring compositional changes occurring on air blowing and accelerated weathering of natural asphalt. Analyst 1993; 118: 947.

35.

Michalica

Daucik

Zanzotto

. Monitoring the compositional changes occurring during the oxidative aging of two asphalts from two different sources. Petrol Coal 2008; 50(2): 1–10.

36.

Zhang

Chen

, et al. Analysis of the relationships between waste cooking oil qualities and rejuvenated asphalt properties. Materials 2017; 10: 508. DOI: 10.3390/ma10050508.