Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Free volume studies are reviewed for the oligomers of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) before cross-linking. The Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) method was used to analyse the macroscopic free volume in the DGEBA oligomers in comparison with that in the crosslinked DGEBA network. The crosslinked system has relatively large fractional free volume at the T_g. The DGEBA oligomers have bulky bisphenol-A structure. The cross-link sites in the network structure does not always provide a suitable environment for close packing of rigid molecules. The WLF type equations are applicable to the temperature dependencies of the melt viscosity, the dielectric relaxation time, and the ionic conductivity for the uncured DGEBA oligomer. These three viscoelastic properties are discussed in terms of the movements of three moving units: the chain segment, the dipole, and the ionic charge carrier. The mobility difference between the three moving units is clarified from the standpoint of the free volume concept.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Williams

M.L.

, Landel

R.F.

and Ferry

J.D.

, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, (1955), 3701

Jean

Y.C.

, Sandreczki

T.C.

and Ames

D.P.

, J. Polym. Sci., Part B Polym. Phys., 24, (1986), 1247

Deng

, Sundar

C.S.

and Jean

Y.C.

, J. Phys. Chem., 96, (1992), 492

Deng

, Zandiehnadem

and Jean

Y.C.

, Macromolecules 25, (1992), 1090

Deng

and Jean

Y.C.

, Macromolecules 26, (1993), 30

Wang

Y.Y.

, Nakanishi

, Jean

Y.C.

and Sandreczki

T.C.

, J. Polym. Sci., Part B Polym. Phys., 28, (1990), 1431

Suzuki

, Oki

, Numajiri

, Miura

, Kondo

, Shiomi

and Ito

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49, (1993), 1921

Lee

and Neville

, Handbook of Epoxy Resins, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, (1967)

May

C.A.

, editor, Epoxy Resins, Chemistry and Technology 2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, USA, (1988)

10.

McAdams

L.V.

and Cannon

J.A.

, In: Kroschwitz J.I., (ed), Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering 2nd Ed. Vol. 6, Wiley-Interscience, New York, USA, 322, (1986)

11.

Koike

, Adv. Polym. Sci., 148, (1999), 139

12.

Koike

, Progress in Rubber & Plastics Technology, 16, (2000), 211

13.

Koike

and Ishizaki

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 71, (1999), 207

14.

Koike

and Tanaka

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 42, (1991), 1333

15.

Aleman

J.V.

, Polym. Eng. Sci., 18, (1978), 1160

16.

Aleman

J.V.

, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 18, (1980), 2567

17.

Ghijsels

, Groesbeek

and Raadsen

, Polymer, 25, (1984), 463

18.

Utracki

L.A.

and Ghijsels

, Adv. Polym. Technol., 7, (1987), 35

19.

Koike

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47, (1993), 387

20.

Simpson

J.O.

and Bidstrup

S.A.

, J. Polym. Sci., Part B Polym. phys. Ed., 31, (1993), 609

21.

Koike

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 45, (1992), 901

22.

Koike

, Polym. Eng. Sci., 33, (1993), 1301

23.

Sheppard

N.F.

Jr and Senturia

S.D.

, J. Polym. Sci., Part B Polym. Phys., 27, (1989), 753

24.

Paluch

, Ziolo

and Rzoska

S.J.

, Phys. Rev. B, 56, (1997), 5764

25.

Doolittle

A.K.

, J. Appl. Phys., 22, (1951), 1471

26.

Vogel

, Physik Z., 22, (1921), 645

27.

Fulcher

G.A.

, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 8, (1925), 339

28.

Berry

G.C.

and Fox

T.G.

, Adv. Polym. Sci., 5, (1968), 261

29.

Cohen

M.H.

and Turnbull

, J. Chem. Phys., 31, (1959), 1164

30.

Turnbull

and Cohen

M.H.

, J. Chem. Phys., 34, (1961), 120

31.

Sasabe

and Saito

, Polymer J., 3, (1972), 624

32.

Koike

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 56, (1995), 1183

33.

Simha

and Boyer

R.F.

, J. Chem. Phys., 37, (1962), 1003

34.

Boyer

R.F.

and Simha

, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 11, (1973), 33

35.

Plazek

D.J.

and Choy

I.C.

, J. Polym. Sci., Part B Polym. Phys., 27, (1989), 307

36.

Adolf

and Chambers

, Polymer, 38, (1997), 5481

37.

Shito

, J. Polym. Sci., Part C, 23, (1968), 569

38.

Miyamoto

and Shibayama

, Kobunshi Kagaku, 29, (1972), 467

39.

Gupta

V.B.

and Brahatheeswaran

, Polymer, 32, (1991), 1875

40.

Soh

, Yamamoto S. and Shimbo M., Nippon Setchaku Kyokaishi, 17, (1981), 507

41.

Shigeta

, Ochi

and Shimbo

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 26, (1981), 2256

42.

Bellenger

, Dhaoui

, Morel

and Verdu

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 35, (1988), 563

43.

Tcharkhtchi

, Gouin

and Verdu

, J. Polym. Sci., Part B Polym. Phys., 38, (2000), 537

44.

Ogata

, Kinjyo

and Kawata

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 48, (1993), 583

45.

Gupta

V.B.

, Drzal

L.T.

, Lee

C.Y-C.

and Rich

M.J.

, Polym. Eng. Sci. 25, (1985), 812

46.

Bongkee

, Polym. Eng. Sci., 25, (1985), 1135

47.

Miyamoto

, Sugano

and Shibayama

, Kobunshi Kagaku, 30, (1973), 155

48.

Oleinik

E.F.

, Adv. Polym. Sci., 80, (1986), 49

49.

Bellenger

, Dhaoui

and Verdu

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 33, (1987), 2647

50.

Gupta

V.B.

and Brahatheeswaran

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 38, (1989), 1957

51.

Gupta

V.B.

and Brahatheeswaran

, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 41, (1990), 2533

52.

Walden

, Z. Phys. Chem., 55, (1906), 207

Free Volume in Epoxide Oligomers

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References