This paper introduces the idea of ‘foil comparisons’, ones where the overriding goal is to change given practices in the light of what are claimed to be better (or, sometimes, worse) practices elsewhere. Using as an example a recent blog about what can be learned from Italian juvenile justice, it shows the potential weaknesses of such comparisons in terms of understanding other people’s practices. But it also warns that they are becoming ever more common.
CavalloM (2002) Ragazzi senza: Disagio, devianza e delinquenza. Milan: Mondadori.
8.
ChessaMGaspariniMPoliA (2008) La messa alla prova nella esperienza del Giudice per l’udienza preliminare presso il Tribunale per i minorenni di Milano. Minori giustizia4: 102–118.
9.
ColamussiMMestitzA (2012) Devianza minorile e recidiva. Prosciogliere, punire o responsabilizzare?Milan: Franco Angeli.
10.
DownesD (1988) Contrasts in Tolerance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
11.
FarringtonD (1996) The explanation and prevention of youthful offending. In: HawkinsJD (ed.) Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 68–148.
12.
FieldSNelkenD (2007) Youth justice: A comparison of Italy and Wales. In: GessnerVNelkenD (eds) European Ways of Law. Oxford: Hart, 349–374.
13.
FieldSNelkenD (2010) Reading and writing youth justice in Italy and Wales. Punishment and Society12: 287–308.
14.
FrankeH (1990) Dutch tolerance: Facts and fables. British Journal of Criminology130: 81–93.
15.
GattiU (2002) La delinquenza giovanile. In: BarbagliMGattiU (eds) La Criminalità in Italia. Bologna: Il Mulino, 159–170.
16.
GattiUVerdeA (2002) Comparative juvenile justice: An overview on Italy. In: WinterdykJ (ed.) Juvenile Justice Systems: International Perspectives, 2nd edn.Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press, 297–320.
17.
GiliAPieroniL (2013) L’applicazione della messa alla prova nella riduzione del tasso di recidiva: Primi risultati. In: GiliAZanghiCMastropasquaILeograndeMMPieroniLTotaroMS (eds) La recidiva nei percorsi penali dei minori autori di reato. Rome: Gangemi Editore, 89.
18.
GiliAZanghiCMastropasquaILeograndeMMPieroniLTotaroMS (eds) (2013) La recidiva nei percorsi penali dei minori autori di reato. Rome: Gangemi Editore.
19.
GiostraG (ed.) (2001) Il processo penale minorile. Milan: Giuffrè.
20.
GoldsonB (2011) The 2011 Independent Commission on Youth Crime and Antisocial Behaviour. ‘Time for a Fresh Start’, but is this it?Youth Justice11: 3–27.
21.
GoldsonBHughesG (2010) Academic intervention and sociological criminology and youth justice: Comparative policy analysis. Criminology and Criminal Justice10.
22.
GreenD (2008) When Children Kill Children: Penal Populism and Political Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Howard League (2009) Custody panels: Impact of a pilot on juvenile sentencing rates. London: The Howard League for Penal Reform.
25.
JanesL (2008) Criminal liability of minors and severity of penalties: European trends and developments. London: The Howard League for Penal Reform (England and Wales).
26.
JohnsonD (2000) Prosecutor culture in Japan and the USA. In: NelkenD (ed.) Contrasting Criminal Justice. Aldershot: Ashgate, 157–204.
27.
Lappi-SeppäläT (2007) Penal policy in Scandinavia. Crime and Justice36: 217–295.
28.
LoaderISparksR (2010) Public Criminology. London: Routledge.
29.
McAraLMcVieS (2007) Youth justice? The impact of system contact on patterns of desistance from offending. European Journal of Criminology4: 315–345.
30.
MaggioliniACiceriAMacchiFMarchesiMPisaC (2008) La valutazione del rischio di recidiva nei servizi della giustizia minorile. Rassegna Italiana di Criminologia3: 481–495.
31.
MastropasquaIBracalentiRLeograndeMM (eds) (2013) ‘Seconda Chance’: Prevenzione del rischio di recidiva per i minori stranieri presenti nel circuito penale. Fondo Europeo per l’integrazione dei cittadini di paesi terzi 2007–2013 azione 2. Istituto Psicoanalytico per le Ricerche Sociali.
32.
MuncieJ (2008) The ‘punitive turn’ in juvenile justice: Cultures of control and rights compliance in Western Europe and the USA. Youth Justice8: 107–121.
NelkenD (2005) When is a society non-punitive? A case-study of Italy. In: PrattJ. (eds) The New Punitiveness: Current Trends, Theories, Perspectives. Cullompton: Willan Books, 218–238.
35.
NelkenD (2006a) Italian juvenile justice: Tolerance, leniency or indulgence?Youth Justice6: 107–128.
36.
NelkenD (2006b) Italy: A lesson in tolerance? In: MuncieJGoldsonB (eds) Comparative Youth Justice: Critical Issues. London: Sage, 159–176.
37.
NelkenD (2010) Comparative Criminal Justice: Making Sense of Difference. London: SAGE Publications.
38.
NelkenD (2014) The changing roles of social indicators: From explanation to governance. In: AlldridgePCheliotisLMitsilegasV (eds) Globalisation, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice: Theoretical, Comparative and Transnational Perspectives. Oxford: Hart.
39.
PittsJ (2001) The New Politics of Youth Crime. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
40.
PrattJErikssonA (2013) Contrasts in Punishment: An Explanation of Anglophone Excess and Nordic Exceptionalism. London: Routledge.
41.
RicciottiR (2001) La giustizia penale minorile, 2nd edn.CEDAM.
42.
SavelsbergJ (2011) Globalization and states of punishment. In: NelkenD (ed.) Comparative Criminal Justice and Globalization. Aldershot: Ashgate, 69–86.
43.
ScaliaVMannoiaM (2008) I minori sono cosa nostra? Criminalità organizzata, devianza minorile e sistema giudiziario a Palermo e a Catania. Sociologia del diritto3: 113–138.
44.
ScardaccioneG (1997) Gli studi sul recidivismo: Vecchi e nuovi modelli. Rassegna Penitenziaria e criminologica1(1–2): 9–28.
45.
ScatoleraD (2004) Devianza minorile e coercizione personale. Questione Giustizia2–3: 397–411.
46.
ScivolettoC (1999.) C’è Tempo per Punire. Percorsi di Probation. Milan: Franco Angeli.
47.
ShermanLWGottfredsonDCMacKenzieDLEckJReuterPBushwaySD (1998) Preventing crime: What works, what doesn’t, what’s promising. National Institute of Justice, Research in Brief, July. URL (accessed 26 March 2015): https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/171676.PDF.
48.
UgelvikT (2012) The dark side of a culture of equality: Reimagining communities in a Norwegian remand prison. In: UgelvikTDullumJ (eds) Penal Exceptionalism? Nordic Prison Policy and Practice. London: Routledge, 121–138.
49.
Von HoferH (2003) Prison populations as political constructs: The case of Finland, Holland and Sweden. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention4(1): 2003: 21–38.
50.
WatsonA (1974) Legal Transplants. Athens: University of Georgia Press.