When solar radiation passes through a window, its spectral composition changes due to the presence of shades and glazing. While many studies have analysed the impact of different types of glass on correlated colour temperature (CCT), there are only a few cases in which the effect of shading and daylighting systems on this parameter was tested. This work analyses the impact of woven shade fabrics on the spectrum and intensity of daylight conditions in indoor spaces. A combined analysis of horizontal illuminance (Eh) and CCT was performed. It focused on the impact that physical properties of woven shade fabrics – colour and openness factor (OF) – had on the CCT and Eh values. In this study, 11 fabrics with different colours (white, grey and black) and varying OF were analysed. For the set of studied woven shade fabrics, it was found that fabric OF and colour had a significant effect on CCT and Eh. Results show that white and grey fabrics provided spaces with lower values of CCT than black fabrics. CCT values were compared with those proposed by standard EN 12464-1:2011.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
LaFranceM. Technology Roadmap. Energy Efficient Building Envelopes. Paris: Internationa Energy Agency, 2013.
2.
LittlefairPOrtizJBhaumikCD. A simulation of solar shading control on UK office energy use. Building Research and Information2010; 38: 638–646.
3.
RocheLDeweyELittlefairP. Occupant reactions to daylight in offices. Lighting Research and Technology2000; 32: 119–126.
4.
NazzalAA. A new evaluation method for daylight discomfort glare. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics2005; 35: 295–306.
5.
LiDHW. A review of daylight illuminance determinations and energy implications. Applied Energy2010; 87(7): 2109–2118.
6.
RuckNAschehougØAydinliSChristoffersenJCourretGEdmondsI, et al. Daylight in Buildings-A Source Book on Daylighting Systems and Components. Berkeley: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2000.
7.
OsterhausWKE. Discomfort glare assessment and prevention for daylight applications in office environments. Solar Energy2005; 79: 140–158.
8.
KonstantzosITzempelikosA. Selecting roller shades properties based on glare mitigation, energy performance and connection to the outdoors: Proceedings of 3rd Building Simulation Applications Conference, Bolzano, Italy, Feb 8–10: 2017: 539–546.
9.
BoycePRVeitchJANewshamGRJonesCCHeerwagenJMyerM, et al. Lighting quality and office work: Two field simulation experiments. Lighting Research and Technology2006; 38: 191–223.
10.
RezaeiSDShannigrahiSRamakrishnaS. A review of conventional, advanced, and smart glazing technologies and materials for improving indoor environment. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells2017; 159: 26–51.
11.
GalasiuADVeitchJA. Occupant preferences and satisfaction with the luminous environment and control systems in daylit offices: a literature review. Energy and Buildings2006; 38: 728–742.
12.
BoycePHunterCHowlettO. The Benefits of Daylight Through Windows. New York: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2003.
13.
AsteNTagliabueLCPalladinoPTestaD. Integration of a luminescent solar concentrator: effects on daylight, correlated color temperature, illuminance level and color rendering index. Solar Energy2015; 114: 174–182.
14.
KongZUtzingerMLiuL. Solving glare problems in architecture through integration of HDR image technique and modeling with DIVA: Proceedings of 14th Building Simulation Conference, Hyderabad, India, Dec 7–9: 2015: 1213–1220.
15.
FontoynontM. Daylight Performance of Buildings. London: James and James; 1999.
16.
HopkinsonRG. Glare from daylighting in buildings. Applied Ergonomics1972; 3: 206–215.
17.
ShinJYYunGYKimJT. View types and luminance effects on discomfort glare assessment from windows. Energy and Buildings2012; 46: 139–145.
18.
AriesMBCVeitchJANewshamGR. Windows, view, and office characteristics predict physical and psychological discomfort. Journal of Environmental Psychology2010; 30: 533–541.
19.
UlpianiGBenedettelliMdi PernaCNaticchiaB. Overheating phenomena induced by fully-glazed facades: investigation of a sick building in Italy and assessment of the benefits achieved via model predictive control of the AC system. Solar Energy2017; 157: 830–852.
20.
MaclayB. The New Net Zero: Leading-Edge Design and Construction of Homes and Buildings for a Renewable Energy Future. Hartford: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2014.
21.
BarnabyCSWrightJLCollinsMR. Improving load calculations for fenestration with shading devices. ASHRAE Transaction2009; 115: 31–44.
22.
TzempelikosAChanY-C. Estimating detailed optical properties of window shades from basic available data and modeling implications on daylighting and visual comfort. Energy and Buildings2016; 126: 396–407.
23.
KunwarNCetinKSPasseUZhouXLiY. Full-scale experimental testing of integrated dynamically-operated roller shades and lighting in perimeter office spaces. Solar Energy2019; 186: 17–28.
24.
KonstantoglouMTsangrassoulisA. Dynamic operation of daylighting and shading systems: a literature review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews2016; 60: 268–283.
25.
KimMKonstantzosITzempelikosA. Real-time daylight glare control using a low-cost, window-mounted HDRI sensor. Building and Environment2020; 177: 106912.
26.
KunwarNCetinKSPasseU. Dynamic shading in buildings: a review of testing methods and recent research findings. Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports2018; 5: 93–100.
27.
AtzeriAMGasparellaACappellettiFTzempelikosA. Comfort and energy performance analysis of different glazing systems coupled with three shading control strategies. Science and Technology for the Built Environment2018; 24: 545–558.
28.
ChanY-CTzempelikosA. Efficient venetian blind control strategies considering daylight utilization and glare protection. Solar Energy2013; 98: 241–254.
29.
ElzeyadiI. The impacts of dynamic façade shading typologies on building energy performance and occupant’s multi-comfort. Architectural Science Review2017; 60: 316–324.
30.
VillalbaAMPattiniAECóricaML. Análisis de las características morfológicas de las envolventes edilicias y del entorno urbano desde la perspectiva de la iluminación natural. Ambiente Construído2012; 12: 159–175.
31.
ChanY-CTzempelikosAKonstantzosI. A systematic method for selecting roller shade properties for glare protection. Energy and Buildings2015; 92: 81–94.
32.
KonstantzosITzempelikosAChanY-C. Experimental and simulation analysis of daylight glare probability in offices with dynamic window shades. Building and Environment2015; 87: 244–254.
33.
KonstantzosITzempelikosA. Daylight glare evaluation with the sun in the field of view through window shades. Building and Environment2017; 113: 65–77.
34.
SinghRLazarusIJKishoreVVN. Effect of internal woven roller shade and glazing on the energy and daylighting performances of an office building in the cold climate of Shillong. Applied Energy2015; 159: 317–333.
35.
KonstantzosIChanY-CSeiboldJCTzempelikosAProctorRWProtzmanJB. View clarity index: a new metric to evaluate clarity of view through window shades. Building and Environment2015; 90: 206–214.
36.
TzempelikosAShenH. Comparative control strategies for roller shades with respect to daylighting and energy performance. Building and Environment2013; 67: 179–192.
37.
ShenHTzempelikosA. Daylighting and energy analysis of private offices with automated interior roller shades. Solar Energy2012; 86: 681–704.
38.
HouserKWEspositoT. Human-centric lighting: foundational considerations and a five-step design process. Frontiers in Neurology2021; 12: 1–13.
39.
MillsPRTomkinsSCSchlangenLJ. The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance. Journal of Circadian Rhythms2007; 5: 2–9.
40.
SmoldersKCHJde KortYAW. Investigating daytime effects of correlated colour temperature on experiences, performance, and arousal. Journal of Environmental Psychology2017; 50: 80–93.
41.
European Committee for Standardization. Light and Lighting – Lighting of Work Places Part 1 : Indoor Work Places. European standard NS-EN 12464-1:2011. Brussels: CEN, 2011.
42.
European Committee for Standardization. Blinds and Shutters - Thermal and Visual Comfort - Performance Characteristics and Classification. European standard NS-EN 14501: 2006. Brussels: CEN, 2006.
43.
European Committee for Standardization. Glass in Building – Determination of Luminous and Solar Characteristics of Glazing. European standard NS-EN 410:2011. Brussels: CEN, 2011.
44.
European Committee for Standardization. Daylight in Buildings. European standard NS-EN 17037: 2018. Brussels: CEN, 2018.
BakerNVFanchiottiASteemersK. Daylighting in Architecture: A European Reference Book. London: Routledge, 2013.
48.
ChainCDumortierDFontoynontM. Consideration of daylight’s colour. Energy and Buildings2001; 33: 193–198.
49.
GhoshASelvarajPSundaramSMallickTK. The colour rendering index and correlated colour temperature of dye-sensitized solar cell for adaptive glazing application. Solar Energy2018; 163: 537–544.
50.
GhoshANortonB. Interior colour rendering of daylight transmitted through a suspended particle device switchable glazing. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells2017; 163: 218–223.
51.
DangolRKruisselbrinkTKruisselbrinkTRosemannA. Effect of window glazing on colour quality of transmitted daylight. Journal of Daylighting2017; 4: 37–47.
52.
LynnNMohantyLWittkopfS. Color rendering properties of semi-transparent thin-film PV modules. Building and Environment2012; 54: 148–158.
53.
AsteNBuzzettiMDel PeroCFuscoRTestaDLeonforteF. Visual performance of yellow, orange and red LSCs integrated in a smart window. Energy Procedia2017; 105: 967–972.
54.
MonteolivaJMVillalbaAPattiniA. Temperatura de color correlacionada de la luz natural: análisis dinámico en espacios interiores. Informes de la Construcción2015; 67: e123.
55.
KoteyNAWrightJLCollinsMR. Determining off-normal solar optical properties of roller blind materials. ASHRAE Transaction2009; 115: 145–154.
56.
JonssonJCLeeESRubinM. Light-scattering properties of a woven shade-screen material used for daylighting and solar heat-gain control: Proceedings of SPIE 7065, Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces, San Diego, California, USA. Aug 11–12: 2008: 70650R.
57.
DeneyerADeroisyBLethéGFlamantG. Bi-directional scattering distribution data of solar shading: characterization and performances: Proceedings of CIE Centenary Conference Towards a New Century of Light, Paris, France. April 15–16: 2013: 560–568.
58.
OPTRONICS L. OL series 750 automated spectroradiometric measurement. 2020: 1–3.
59.
OPTRONICS L. OL series 740-70 integrating sphere diffuse reflectance attachment. 2020: 1.
60.
OPTRONICS L. OL series 740-20 high intensity source attachment. 2020: 1–2.
DuboisM-CGentileNAmorimCNDGeisler-MoroderDJakobiakRMatusiakB, et al.T50.D3 Monitoring Protocol for Lighting and Daylighting Retrofits. Technical Report of IEA SHC Task 50. Stuttgart: International Energy Agency, 2016.
63.
OhnoY. Practical use and calculation of CCT and Duv. Leukos2014; 10: 47–55.
64.
TregenzaPRPerezRMichalskyJSealsRMolineauxBIneichenP. Guide to Recommended Practice of Daylight Measurement. CIE 108-1994. Vienna: Commission International de l’Éclairage, 1994.
65.
DiakiteAKnoopMA. Data-Driven Colorimetric Analysis of the CIE Standard General Skies. Washington: International Commission on Illumination, 2019: 353–362.
66.
Diakite-KortleverAKnoopM. Forecast accuracy of existing luminance-related spectral sky models and their practical implications for the assessment of the non-image-forming effectiveness of daylight. Lighting Research and Technology2021; 53: 657–676.
67.
PowersDXieY. Statistical Methods for Categorical Data Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, Inc., 1999.
68.
KassambaraA. Machine Learning Essentials: Practical Guide in R. 1st Edition. STHDA, 2018.
69.
WienoldJKuhnTEChristoffersenJAndersenM. Annual glare evaluation for fabrics: Proceedings of 33rd PLEA International Conference of Passive Low Energy Architecture Design to Thrive, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 2–5: 2017: 3435–3442.
70.
DiLauraDLHouserKMistrickRSteffyGR, editors. The Lighting Handbook: Reference and Application. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America; 2011.
71.
XiaoB. Color constancy. In: LuoR, editor. Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology. New York: Springer; 2016.
72.
FotiosS. Chromatic adaptation and the relationship between lamp spectrum and brightness. Lighting Research and Technology2006; 38: 3–14.
73.
VillalbaAMMonteolivaJMPattiniAE. Amabilidad visual: sistemas de sombreado. Arquiteturarevista2016; 12: 71–86.
74.
DiakiteAKKnoopM. Data-driven spectral sky models: a review. Journal of the International Colour Association2019; 23: 55–61.
75.
BelliaLPedaceAFragliassoF. Indoor lighting quality: effects of different wall colours. Lighting Research and Technology2017; 49: 33–48.
