Studies of Judith represent three overlapping but distinct periods of critical inquiry. Interests were awakened (1913-49), as three firsts in English wit ness: Charles's comprehensive APOT (1913), Oesterley's two one-volume introdutions to the Apocrypha (1914, 1935) and Pfeiffer's critical introduc tion (1949). In a second period (1950-85), Judith's context undergoes remarkable shifts both within the Bible and the wider community with the inclusion of the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books in translations like the RSV and NRSV, text-critical editions, literary analysis, initial feminist studies, and collaborative alliances of Protestant, Catholic and Jewish scholars. In a third period (1986-2001), critical strategies enlarge to represent increas ingly gender-inclusive, interdisciplinary, international and eclectic concerns.
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