The stiffness degeneration of small to medium span bridges has been increasingly observed in recent years, and it has become a major concern of government and bridge owners. A quantitative evaluation method for the bridge performance with strengthening measures is highly desired. Due to the advantages of uninterrupted traffic and long-term tracking capability, a temperature-driven approach for characterization of the correlation pattern between bridge temperature-induced strains and bridge status was proposed in the present study by using structural health monitoring data. First, a theoretical solution of the simplified bridge model was derived to establish the correlation between the stress and deterioration extent under temperature gradient load. After a numerical simulation that combines the thermal–structural interaction analysis and the vehicle–bridge interaction analysis, the strain range was proposed as an assessment index to ensure the stability and effectiveness of the evaluation results. Next, the Generalized Extreme Studentized Deviate method was used for detecting the outliers. The statistical results of the assessment index for different strengthening methods were compared to evaluate the associated strengthening efficiency, and the associated equivalent section height was calculated for visualizing the bridge condition after strengthening measures were taken. The results demonstrated that the proposed temperature-driven method was able to quantitatively evaluate the bridge strengthening effects with a high efficiency.
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