Contact delamination detection of anisotropic composite plates using non-elliptical probability imaging of nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves

Abstract

Contact delamination damage easily occurs inside the composite. The extension and accumulation of the damage occupy most of the time from damage appearance to failure. However, the anisotropy of materials and the small size of early damage make accurate detection difficult. In this paper, a non-elliptical probability imaging (NEPI) method based on nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves is proposed for the delamination damage detection in anisotropic composites. Firstly, the anisotropic characteristics of the composite are analyzed theoretically, and the velocity in all directions is obtained by numerical simulation. Secondly, the arrival time is obtained by the intersection of the upper and lower envelope fitting lines, and nonlinear coefficient is calculated based on the smooth pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution (SPWVD). Then, the time coefficient (C_T) and nonlinear damage index (NDI) are defined and applied in the NEPI. By comparison with a reference point, the problem that the damage location of anisotropic composite cannot be solved analytically is avoided skillfully. Finally, the NEPI method is used to present the damage. The experiment results show that the NEPI method can accurately display the damage location. The sensitivity and reliability of NDI based on SPWVD are further verified by comparison with damage index of scattered signal and time–frequency analysis methods such as fast Fourier transform, short-time Fourier transform, and S-transform. The proposed NEPI method based on nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves can detect the delamination damage with good location accuracy and high damage sensitivity.